ocular manifestations of systemic disease

Question 1

what are cotton wool spots?

Answer 1

retinal ischemia

Question 2

Retinal blood vessels leak

Answer 2

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy

Question 3

what does tissue hypoxia result in?

Answer 3

neovascularization

Question 4

Neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, fibrous proliferation

Answer 4

proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Question 5

shower of floaters or cobwebs; sudden loss of vision may decr to LP only

Answer 5

vitreous hemorrhage

Question 6

can macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, or traction retinal detachment be seen with both nonproliferative and proliferative DR?

Answer 6

macular edema

Question 7

in terms of tx, ichemic maculopathy is _____ whereas macular edema is ______

Answer 7

irreversible; treatable

Question 8

not only does photocoagulation prevent further neovascularization, but is also reduces risk of _____ and ____

Answer 8

vitreous hemorrhage and traction retinal detachment

Question 9

what can vitrectomy be used for?

Answer 9

management of vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment

Question 10

what can improve macualr edema secondary to DM?

Answer 10

diuresis and BP control

Question 11

elevated serum lipids are associated with?

Answer 11

retinal hard exudates

Question 12

relationship b/w PDR and diabetic nephropathy

Answer 12

PDR increases risk for diabetic nephropathy

Question 13

how to tx macular edema

Answer 13

focal macular laser

Question 14

how to tx PDR?

Answer 14

panretinal photcoagulation

Question 15

Thickening/fibrosis–>Copper wiring/silver wiring light reflex broadens

Answer 15

arteriolar sclerosis

Question 16

most sensitive optho indications for HTN retinopathy

Answer 16

1. attenuation of arterioles
2. focal narrowing
3. AV changes

Question 17

hard exudates, CWS, hemorrhages - what stage of ocular HTN

Answer 17

grade 3

Question 18

disc edema secondary to HTN

Answer 18

grade 4

Question 19

most common cause of unilateral or bilateral exophtalmos in adult

Answer 19

thryoid disease

Question 20

Circumcorneal injxn, pain, INTENSE Photophobia, decr vision, mitotic pupil

Answer 20

iritis

Question 21

focal, non caseating granuloma; conjunctival, lacrimal

Answer 21

sarcoidosis

Question 22

candlewax drippings in choroiditis

Answer 22

sarcoidosis

Question 23

what ocular manifestations are assc’d with RA?

Answer 23

dry eyes, episcleritis, scleritis, corneal ulcers

Question 24

what is the most common manifestation of CT disorders

Answer 24

dry eyes

Question 25

o HA, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, polymyalgia rheumatica

Answer 25

giant cell arteritis

Question 26

tx of giant cell arteritis

Answer 26

immediate high dose steroids daily

Question 27

o scintillating scotoma, amaurosis fugax, transient cortical blindness, homonymous hemianopia

Answer 27

migraine

Question 28

temporary arterial obstruction

Answer 28

amaurosis fugax

Question 29

what kind of vision loss does amaurosis fugax result in?

Answer 29

sudden, transient; monocular dimming of vision

Question 30

leading cause of visual loss in AIDS

Answer 30

CMV retinitis

Question 31

what ocular manifestations are ass’cd with AIDS (2)

Answer 31

1. cotton wool spots

2. CMV retinitis