ocular manifestations of systemic disease Flashcards

1
Q

what are cotton wool spots?

A

retinal ischemia

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2
Q

Retinal blood vessels leak

A

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy

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3
Q

what does tissue hypoxia result in?

A

neovascularization

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4
Q

Neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, fibrous proliferation

A

proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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5
Q

shower of floaters or cobwebs; sudden loss of vision may decr to LP only

A

vitreous hemorrhage

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6
Q

can macular edema, vitreous hemorrhage, or traction retinal detachment be seen with both nonproliferative and proliferative DR?

A

macular edema

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7
Q

in terms of tx, ichemic maculopathy is _____ whereas macular edema is ______

A

irreversible; treatable

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8
Q

not only does photocoagulation prevent further neovascularization, but is also reduces risk of _____ and ____

A

vitreous hemorrhage and traction retinal detachment

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9
Q

what can vitrectomy be used for?

A

management of vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment

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10
Q

what can improve macualr edema secondary to DM?

A

diuresis and BP control

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11
Q

elevated serum lipids are associated with?

A

retinal hard exudates

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12
Q

relationship b/w PDR and diabetic nephropathy

A

PDR increases risk for diabetic nephropathy

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13
Q

how to tx macular edema

A

focal macular laser

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14
Q

how to tx PDR?

A

panretinal photcoagulation

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15
Q

Thickening/fibrosis–>Copper wiring/silver wiring light reflex broadens

A

arteriolar sclerosis

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16
Q

most sensitive optho indications for HTN retinopathy

A
  1. attenuation of arterioles
  2. focal narrowing
  3. AV changes
17
Q

hard exudates, CWS, hemorrhages - what stage of ocular HTN

18
Q

disc edema secondary to HTN

19
Q

most common cause of unilateral or bilateral exophtalmos in adult

A

thryoid disease

20
Q

Circumcorneal injxn, pain, INTENSE Photophobia, decr vision, mitotic pupil

21
Q

focal, non caseating granuloma; conjunctival, lacrimal

A

sarcoidosis

22
Q

candlewax drippings in choroiditis

A

sarcoidosis

23
Q

what ocular manifestations are assc’d with RA?

A

dry eyes, episcleritis, scleritis, corneal ulcers

24
Q

what is the most common manifestation of CT disorders

25
o HA, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, polymyalgia rheumatica
giant cell arteritis
26
tx of giant cell arteritis
immediate high dose steroids daily
27
o scintillating scotoma, amaurosis fugax, transient cortical blindness, homonymous hemianopia
migraine
28
temporary arterial obstruction
amaurosis fugax
29
what kind of vision loss does amaurosis fugax result in?
sudden, transient; monocular dimming of vision
30
leading cause of visual loss in AIDS
CMV retinitis
31
what ocular manifestations are ass'cd with AIDS (2)
1. cotton wool spots | 2. CMV retinitis