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Ocular Anatomy quiz #1 > Ocular Adnexa > Flashcards

Ocular Adnexa Flashcards

1
Q

What hairs are the first to develop embryologically?

A

the eyebrows

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2
Q

Where are the eyebrows located?

A

across the supraorbital margin at the junction of the forehead and the upper eyelid

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3
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the eyebrow?

A

cranial nerve 7: facial nerve

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4
Q

what are the 4 muscles involved in moving the eyebrows?

A

frontalis, procerus, orbicularis oculi, and the corrugator supercilli muscle

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5
Q

Which two arteries supply blood to the eyebrows?

A

supraorbital and supratrochlear branches of the ophthalmic artery

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6
Q

What veins drain the eyebrows?

A

Drain anteriorly into the angular vein and then into the facial drain

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7
Q

Which nerves supply sensory innervation to the eyebrows?

A

centrally: supraorbital nerve
medially: supratrochlear nerve
Both branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

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8
Q

What is another name for eyelids?

A

Palpebrae

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9
Q

Functions of the palpebrae

A

cover and protect the surface of the globe and distribute the tear film

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10
Q

What is the horizontal furrow called in the superior palpebrae?

A

superior palpebral sulcus

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11
Q

What do the superior and inferior palpebral sulci do?

A

spit the lid into orbital and tarsal parts

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12
Q

How is the superior palpebral sulci formed?

A

by the insertion of the fibers of the aponeurosis of the levator palebrae superioris into the tarsal plate

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13
Q

Which part of the eyelid is closer to the eyebrow, the orbital or tarsal part?

A

orbital

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14
Q

what are the corners of the eye called where the superior and inferior palpebrum meet?

A

medial and lateral canthus

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15
Q

What is the space where the globe is visible or eye opening called?

A

palpebral fissure

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16
Q

Which canthi lies directly on the globe?

A

the lateral canthus

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17
Q

What separates the superior and inferior palpebrae at the medial canthus?

A

lacus lacrimalis

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18
Q

what two structures are located in the lacus lacrimalis?

A

plica semilunaris and lacrimal caruncle

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19
Q

What is the overlapping piece of skin called in the medial angle?

A

epicanthus: can look like pseudoesotropia

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20
Q

What is the small mound called located on the medial portion of the palpebrae?

A

papilla lacrimalis

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21
Q

What is the small hole called on top of the papilla lacrimalis?

A

punctum lacrimalis for drainage of tears into the lacrimal canaliculi

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22
Q

How often are eyelashes replaced?

A

about 100-150 days

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23
Q

What is distichiasis?

A

an accessory row of lashes arising from the meibomian glands

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24
Q

What is trichiasis?

A

misdirected lash(s)

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25
Q

Where are the orifices of the meibomian glands located?

A

posterior to the cilia (inferior and superior)

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26
Q

Where is the mucocutaneous junction?

A

between the posterior edge of the orifices and the skin of the palpebral conjunctivia

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27
Q

Where is the gray line?

A

between the eyelashes and the orifices of the meibomian glands (divides the anterior and posterior portion of the eyelid)

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28
Q

How is the upper eyelid innervated?

A

Lateral to medial: lacrimal, supraorbital, and supratrochlear branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

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29
Q

How is the lower eyelid innervated?

A

Lateral to medial: infraorbital and infratrochlear of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

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30
Q

where does the infraorbital branch from?

A

the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

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31
Q

where does the infratrochlear branch from?

A

the nasociliary nerve of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

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32
Q

What are the two main arteries supplying to the eyelids

A

lacrimal and ophthalmic arteries

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33
Q

what does the lateral lacrimal artery branch into?

A

superior and inferior lateral palpebral atery

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34
Q

what does the medial ophthalmic artery branch into?

A

superior and inferior medial palpebral artery

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35
Q

what do the superior and inferior medial palpebral artery branch into?

A

marginal and peripheral arteries

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36
Q

what do the superior and inferior lateral palpebral artery branch into?

A

marginal and peripheral arteries

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37
Q

what veins drain the medial portion of the eyelid

A

the angular and ophthalmic veins

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38
Q

what veins drain the lateral portion of the eyelid

A

superficial temporal vein

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39
Q

Where does the lateral 2/3 of the upper and lower eyelid lymph drain into?

A

preauricular nodes

40
Q

where does the medial lymph of the eyelids drain into?

A

the submandibular nodes

41
Q

what type of muscle is the orbicularis oculi

A

striated muscle fibers

42
Q

where is the orbicularis oculi muscle located

A

encircling the eye elliptically around the orbital margin

43
Q

what are the four parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle

A

1.orbital 2. palpebral 3. lacrimal 4. ciliary

44
Q

where is the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

A

it encircles the palpebral portion

45
Q

where is the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle

A

it sweeps laterally and concentrically from the medial palpebral ligament and medial orbital margin to the lateral palpebral raphe

46
Q

what is another name for the lacrimal portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle

A

muscle of horner

47
Q

where is the lacrimal portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle located

A

it encircles the lacrimal canaliculi within the lids to aid in the excretion of tears

48
Q

what is another name for the ciliary portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle

A

muscle of Riolan

49
Q

where is the ciliary portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle located

A

it is a group of fine fibers located at the lid margin

50
Q

what is the ciliary portion of the orbicularis oculi muscles function

A

keep the ciliary margin of the eyelid apposed to the eye

51
Q

What is the action of the orbicularis oculi orbital portion

A

contacts like a pursestring drawing the lids toward the medial canthis and closing the fissure

52
Q

what is the antagonist of the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle

A

the frontalis muscle

53
Q

what does the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi do

A

voluntary wink or reflex blink

54
Q

what is the antagonist of the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi

A

the levator palpebrae superioris- relaxes the lids

55
Q

what does the lacrimal portion of the orbicularis oculi do

A

dilates the lacrimal sac

56
Q

what innervates the orbicularis oculi muscle

A

the facial nerve (7)

57
Q

what does the levator palpebrae superioris muscle do?

A

it is the elevator of the upper lid

58
Q

where is the levator palpebrae superioris muscle located?

A

superior to the superior rectus muscle (their facial sheaths blend together)

59
Q

What is the levator aponeurosis?

A

as the levator enters the upper lid it becomes a fan-shaped tendinous expansion

60
Q

where do the fibers of the aponeurosis penetrate?

A

in the orbital septum

61
Q

what two parts do the levator aponeurosis split into?

A

medial and lateral horns

62
Q

what does the lateral horn of the levator aponeurosis spilt in half?

A

it divides the lacrimal gland into orbital and palpebral parts and holds the gland in place in the fossa

63
Q

what does the lateral horn of the levator aponeurosis attach to

A

the lateral palpebral ligament

64
Q

what does the medial horn of the levator aponeurosis attach to

A

the medial palpebral ligament and the medial orbital margin

65
Q

what do the medial and lateral palpebral ligaments prevent?

A

keep the levator aponeurosis from pulling the lid up too far

66
Q

What muscle relaxes as the levator palpebrae superioris is elevating the lid?

A

orbicularis oculi

67
Q

what innervates the levator palpebrae superioris muscle

A

superior division of the oculomotor nerve (CN 3)

68
Q

what is the superior tarsal muscle also called

A

muscle of muller

69
Q

what type of muscle is the superior tarsal muscle

A

smooth muscle

70
Q

where do the fibers originate for the superior tarsal muscle

A

levator muscle

71
Q

what is the action of the superior tarsal muscle

A

helps to keep the lid up once the levator has lifted it

72
Q

what innervates the superior tarsal muscle

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the sympathetic plexus- from the superior cervical ganglion

73
Q

what type of muscle is the inferior tarsal muscle

A

smooth muscle

74
Q

what innervates the inferior tarsal muscle

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the sympathetic plexus- superior cervical ganglion

75
Q

where is the capsulopalpebral fascia located

A

in the lower lid (lower lid aponeurosis)

76
Q

what is the function of the capsulopalpebral fascia

A

it retracts the lower lid and move it in tandem with the globe

77
Q

what is the orbital septum

A

a tarsus/fibrous membranous sheet that is continuous with the periorbita at the orbital margin

78
Q

what does the orbital septum separate

A

the contents of the eyelid from the orbital cavity, acts as a barrier

79
Q

what perforates the orbital septum

A

the aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle

80
Q

what are the tarsal plates made of

A

composed of dense fibrous connective tissue

81
Q

what is the purpose of the tarsal plates

A

maintain the firmness and shape of the eyelids

82
Q

what is housed inside the tarsal plates

A

meibomian glands or tarsal glands

83
Q

where are the palpebral ligaments located

A

they attach the tarsi to the orbital margins

84
Q

what are the palpebral ligaments made of

A

dense connective tissue

85
Q

what is the purpose of the palpebral ligaments

A

to keep the lids apposed to the globe during ocular movement

86
Q

what type of glands are the meibomian glands

A

sebaceous glands

87
Q

how many rows of meibomian glands are on each lid

A

a single row with their orifices on the surface of the lid margin

88
Q

what type of glands are the glands of zeiss

A

modified sebaceous glands

89
Q

what is the purpose of the glands of zeiss

A

secrete sebum into the hair follicle of the cilia to keep moist

90
Q

what type of glands are the glands of moll

A

modified sweat glands

91
Q

what is the purpose of the glands of moll

A

secrete via ducts into the hair follicle or the ciliary margin of the lid

92
Q

what are the 6 layers of the eyelid?

A

skin, subcutaneous tissue, striated muscle fibers (orbicularis oculi), orbital septum and tarsal plates, smooth muscle, and palpebral conjunctiva

93
Q

what type of tissue is the skin

A

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

94
Q

what separates the palpebral conjunctiva and the skin

A

mucocutaneous junction

95
Q

what type of tissue is the subcutaneous tissue

A

loose and rich in elastic fibers

Ocular Anatomy quiz #1 (8 decks)

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