Conjunctiva Flashcards
what is the conjunctival sac
a potential space between the bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva
what is the conjunctiva
a thin, transparent, mucus membrane, lines the inner surface of the eyelids
what are the three regions of the conjunctiva
bulbar, forniceal (cul-de-sac) and palpebral
what are the two layers of the palpebral conjunctiva
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium and stratified columnar epithelium
where is the nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium located
near the mucocutaneous juntion
where is the stratified columnar epithelium located
the posterior surface of the lid
where is the source of stem cells for the epithelium of the palpebral conjunctiva
the mucocutaneous junction
what does the stratified columnar epithelium contain
goblet cells that produce the mucus layer of the tear film
what is the substantia propria
the connective tissue the epithelium of the palpebral conjunctiva rests on
what is the forniceal conjunctiva
a transitional area between the palpebral and bulbar conjuntiva
why is the substantia propria loose in the fornices
permits accumulation of fluid during infection (edema)
what cells are found in the substantia propria
lymphocytes and plasma cells
where does the bulbar conjunctiva attach with the epithelium of the cornea
1mm anterior to the corneoscleral limbus
what is the plica semilunaris
cresent-shaped fold of conjunctiva, sits lateral and under the caruncle
what is the caruncle
a small mound of tissue in the lacus lacrimalis, contains accessory glands
What is the histology of the conjunctiva at the limbus
stratified squamous epithelium (continues as the corneal epithelium)
what is on the apical surface of the conjuctival epithelium
microvilli and microplicae, covered with glycocalyx
what cell is the most numerous in the inferonasal conjunctiva
goblet cells
what is the conjunctival submucosa
fine delicate connective tissue, superficial layer are the most lymphocytes
where does the blood supply come from for the palpebral conjunctiva
two palpebral arches in each eyelid (marginal and peripheral)
what is the blood supply to the forniceal conjunctiva
the peripheral arcade
what supplies the bulbar conjunctiva with blood
the peripheral arcade continues under the bulbar conjunctiva turning into the posterior conjunctival arteries
what becomes red and inflamed in a disease of the cornea
the superficial pericorneal plexus
what becomes red and inflamed in a disease of the iris or ciliary body
the deep periconrneal episcleral plexus (they are deeper than the superficial pericorneal plexus)
what sensory innervates the bulbar conjunctiva
long ciliary nerves from the nasociliary nerve of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve
what sensory innervates the superior fornix and the superior palpebral conjunctiva
from lateral to medial: lacrimal, supraorbital, supratrochlear branches of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve
what innervates the inferior fornix and inferior palepbral conjunctiva
lacrimal branch of the ophthalmic (trigeminal)
what innervates the medial portion of the inferior palpebral conjunctiva
the infraorbital branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
where does the lateral conjunctiva lymph drain
into the parotid (preauricular) lymph nodes
where does the medial conjunctiva lymph drain
into the submandibular lymph nodes
