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Ocular Anatomy quiz #1 > Lacrimal apparatus > Flashcards

Lacrimal apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the lacrimal gland

A

provide aqueous portion of tear film and lubricate the eye

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2
Q

which way do the tears spread on the eye

A

lateral to medial

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3
Q

where do the tears go after entering the lid margin and the canaliculi

A

they drain into the lacrimal sac, then into the naso-lacrimal duct, opening into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

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4
Q

where is the lacrimal gland located

A

superotemporally, just posterior to the supraorbital rim in a fossa of the frontal bone

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5
Q

which lobe of the lacrimal gland is larger?

A

the orbital lobe (almond shape)

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6
Q

how big is the palepral portion of the lacrimal gland

A

1/3 the size of the orbital lobe

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7
Q

where is the palpebral portion of the lacrimal gland located

A

lies underneath the aponeurosis of the levator, inferior to the orbital lobe

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8
Q

which lobe can be seen by gross inspection of the supratemporal fornix of the conjunctiva

A

the palpebral portion

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9
Q

the acini of the lacrimal gland are composed of what two layers

A

a basal myoepithelial cell layer (flat) and an inner layer of secretory columnar cells

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10
Q

what do the myoepithelial cells of the acini do

A

they contract and force secretions from the inner layer of columnar cells into the central lumen

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11
Q

what type of gland is the lacrimal gland

A

a tubuloacinar exocrine gland

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12
Q

what 5 things are tears composed of

A

proteins, electrolytes, anti-bacterial enzymes, immoglobulins, and bacterial proteins

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13
Q

what does blinking do to the tear film

A

it distributes substances, supplies oxygen to cornea, remove foreign bodies and exfoliates cells

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14
Q

what is the tear film comprised of

A

lipid or oily layer, aqueous layer, and mucus layer

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15
Q

what layer of the tear film is the largest

A

the aqueous layer

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16
Q

where is the mucous layer secreted

A

in goblet cells located in the palpebral conjunctiva

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17
Q

what is the purpose of the mucus layer

A

it is hydrophilic and decreases surface tension, provides a wettable surface for the aqueous layer

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18
Q

what is the arterial supply for the lacrimal gland

A

the lacrimal branch of the ophthalmic artery

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19
Q

what sensory stimuli innervates the lacrimal gland

A

lacrimal branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

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20
Q

what nerves stimulate reflex tearing

A

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (afferent pathway or sensory)

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21
Q

where does the lymph drain for the lacrimal gland

A

into the conjunctival lymphatics and then into the preauricular nodes

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22
Q

what is the gland of Krause

A

an accessory lacrimal gland located in the deep subconjunctival tissue

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23
Q

what is the gland of Wolfring

A

an accessory lacrimal gland in the tarsus (inferior to gland of Krause)

24
Q

what is the small elevation at the junction of the ciliary and lacrimal portions of the lid called

A

the papilla lacrimalis (lacrimal papilla)

25
Q

what is located on the submit of the lacrimal papilla

A

small round aperture the punctum lacrimale

26
Q

what keeps the punctum lacrimale in tact

A

a small ring of very dense connective tissue

27
Q

how many portions are the canaliculi composed of

A

two: a vertical and horizontal (90 degrees apart)

28
Q

which portion of the canaliculi is longer; vertical or horizontal

A

the horizontal is longer

29
Q

what do the superior and inferior horizontal canaliculi form when they unite

A

the common canaliculus

30
Q

how big can the canaliculi increase to

A

three times their normal diameter (0.5-1.0mm)

31
Q

where is the lacrimal sac located

A

in the anterior part of the medial wall of the orbit within the fossa

32
Q

what part of the lacrimal sac is open

A

the inferior end is open and continuous with the nasolacrimal duct (apex is closed)

33
Q

where is the nasolacrimal duct located

A

it is a downward continuation of the lacrimal sac, between the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity

34
Q

what lines the nasolacrimal duct

A

two layers of columnar epithelium, some have cilia

35
Q

where does the nasolacrimal duct open

A

into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity

36
Q

what regulates the duct of the nasolacrimal duct

A

a flap or mucus membrane “valve” of Hasner

37
Q

what is the arterial supply for the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct

A

medial superior and inferior palpebral arteries

38
Q

what sensory nerve innervates the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct

A

infratrochlear branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

39
Q

how does the parasympathetic innervate the lacrimal gland

A

through a series of nerves, ultimately the facial nerve (CN 7)

40
Q

where do the parasympathetic preganglion fibers synapse in the lacrimal route

A

in the pterygopalatine ganglion

41
Q

what nerves make up the vidian nerve

A

the GSPN (greater superficial petrosal nerve) and the DPN (deep petrosal nerve)

42
Q

where do the parasympathetic preganglion fibers originate

A

in the lacrimatory nucleus of the facial nerve (3) in the pons

43
Q

what nerves are part of the GSPN- greater superficial petrosal nerve

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers

44
Q

what nerves are part of the DPN- deep petrosal nerve

A

postganglionic sympathetic fibers, originating from the superior cervical ganglion

45
Q

what nerve does the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers hitch a ride with

A

maxillary nerve, second division of the trigeminal nerve

46
Q

where do the postganglionic parasympathetic nerves leave the maxillary branch

A

the zygomatic branch

47
Q

where does the arterial supply to the lacrimal gland originate from

A

the lacrimal branch of the ophthalmic artery

48
Q

how thick is the total tear film

A

about 7 microns thick

49
Q

how thick is the oily layer of the tear film

A

about 0.1-0.5 microns thick

50
Q

how thick is the aqueous layer of the tear film

A

about 5 microns thick

51
Q

how thick is the mucoid layer of the tear film

A

about 1 micron thick

52
Q

how much fluid can the conjunctival sac hold at one time

A

about 6.2 micoliters

53
Q

what is the rate that tears are produced

A

1.2 microliters per minute

54
Q

how quickly do tears evaporate

A

3 microliters per hour

55
Q

which nerve causes sensory innervation to the lacrimal gland

A

the lacrimal nerve (Trigmenial nerve 5)

56
Q

Does the lacrimal nerve cause the larcimal gland to secrete tears

A

No it only supplies sensory innervation, the facial nerve 7 causes secretion

Ocular Anatomy quiz #1 (8 decks)

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