October 5 - Suicide

Question 1

T/F - The act of suicide or attempted suicide results from the interaction of a variety of personal, interpersonal, historical, and contextual factors.

Answer 1

true

Question 2

Suicidal ideation can emerge from extreme WHICH circumstances, which are either long-standing, as in the case of chronic illness, or transient, as in the case of interpersonal loss.

Answer 2

personal

Question 3

T/F - Suicide can be culturally congruent and at least tacitly condoned by a community or can be viewed as a criminal act or a cardinal sin.

Answer 3

true
High suicide rates in a particular community can be the result of poverty, hopelessness, and despair related to historical and contextual factors, as exemplified in the case of suicide in Indigenous communities.

Question 4

Acute suicide risk, Ongoing (chronic) suicide risk, or Self-harm or self-injury

which is Immediate and intense wish to be dead, often related to a particular life event that to the individual is of catastrophic proportions – may feel like there is no way out to escape

Answer 4

Acute suicide risk

Question 5

Acute suicide risk, Ongoing (chronic) suicide risk, or Self-harm or self-injury

which is - Most common in individuals suffering from a long-term health or mental health problem that appears to have no possibility of relief. Sometimes it’s hard to shake it once they try – haunted by thoughts of that

Answer 5

Ongoing (chronic) suicide risk

Question 6

Acute suicide risk, Ongoing (chronic) suicide risk, or Self-harm or self-injury

which occurs in some individuals who harm themselves without lethal intent.

Answer 6

Self-harm or self-injury

Question 7

T/F - More females commit suicide (45 +) than males (males attempt more)

Answer 7

false - More males commit suicide (45 +) than females (females attempt more)

Question 8

T/F - Mental disorders, particularly depression and substance abuse, are estimated to be associated with 90 per cent of all suicide-related deaths in the world

Answer 8

true

Question 9

T/F - Children & youth (10 – 19)
* Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death
* Males account for 41% (10-14) and 70% (15-19)
* Self harm hospitalization 72% of females

Answer 9

true

Question 10

T/F - Young Adults (20-29):
* Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death
* Males account for 75% of suicides
* Self harm hospitalization 58% of females

Answer 10

true

Question 11

T/F - Adults (30 – 44):
* Suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death
* Males account for 75% of suicides
* Self harm hospitalization 56% of females

Answer 11

true

Question 12

T/F - Adults (45 – 64):
* Suicide is the 7th leading cause of death
* Males account for 73% of suicides (45-59 is the very highest)
* Self harm hospitalization 56% of females

Answer 12

true

Question 13

T/F - Seniors (65+):
* Suicide is the 12th leading cause of death
* Males account for 80% of suicides
* Self harm hospitalization 52% of females

Answer 13

true

Question 14

T/F - Although suicide is more common among some age groups than others, mental health issues and suicide impact people of all ages

Answer 14

true

Question 15

T/F - Those aged 55 to 59 years have the lowest death rate from suicide

Answer 15

false - highest rate

Question 16

T/F - suicide is the 4th leading cause of death among youth / young adult 15 – 34

Answer 16

false - 2nd leading cause of death

*age 10-29 women have a higher rate of self-injury

Question 17

What are 4 factors associated with suicide?

Answer 17

• Trauma
• Exposure to violence
• Substance use and addiction
• Inadequate community connectedness

Question 18

T/F - On a per-capita basis, suicide rates in Canada are on a downward trend.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

T/F - Indigenous people, especially youth, have lower rates of suicide as compared with non-Indigenous people

Answer 19

false - Indigenous people, especially youth, die by suicide at rates much higher than non-Indigenous people

While the overall suicide rate in Canada has been declining (from 11.6 in 2005 to 11.3 in 2018), the rate among Indigenous people remains shockingly high.

Inuit – 6.5x higher
First Nations – 3.7x higher
Metis – 2.7x higher

Question 20

What are the 3 overarching factors contributing to suicide risk and self-harm?

Answer 20

1-Social-Environmental Factors
2-Intrapsychic (Internal psychological processes) Factors
3-Genetic and Neurochemistry Factors

Question 21

What are 3 things that make up Social-Environmental Factors and describe them?

Answer 21

• anomie, in which a person experiences despair due to lack of connection with society (when you feel lonely and hopeless)
• altruism, in which the suicidal behaviour is associated with excessive integration into a group (group think, contagion effect), as in the case of a politically or religiously motivated suicide bomber

*Media / social media have also been associated with higher rates of suicide

Question 22

What are 3 things that make up Intrapsychic (Internal psychological processes) Factors?

Answer 22

• Aggression turned inwards
• Same/self-blame/self hatred
• Hopelessness - about the future and about one’s own ability to change current and future circumstance.

** From an intrapsychic perspective, therefore, suicide results from a complex and heterogeneous mix of intolerance of negative affect, low frustration tolerance, impulsivity, and intolerable psychic pain.

Question 23

Hoe does genetics play into suicide?

Answer 23

A number of genes may increase vulnerability to suicidal behaviour. There isn’t one gene for suicide, but genes that predispose you to factors (i.e. depression)

Question 24

Epigenetics is the study of the manner in which the inherited genes interact with the environment - how does this relate to trauma?

Answer 24

trauma impacts your genetics which you pass on to your children

Question 25

Self-Harm Behaviour is Divided into three categories:
1. Stereotypic self-harm
2. Moderate self-harm
3. Major self-harm

which one is - involves repeated acts such as head-banging and biting of oneself, often associated with developmental delays, autism, and neurological disorders such as Tourette’s syndrome.

Answer 25

1. Stereotypic self-harm

Question 26

Self-Harm Behaviour is Divided into three categories:
1. Stereotypic self-harm
2. Moderate self-harm
3. Major self-harm

which one is - the most common form, typically involves cutting and skin-burning. This type of behaviour has typically been associated with borderline personality disorder, dissociative states, complex post-traumatic stress, and eating disorders. Moderate self-harm can be episodic or repetitive.

Answer 26

2. Moderate self-harm

Question 27

Self-Harm Behaviour is Divided into three categories:
1. Stereotypic self-harm
2. Moderate self-harm
3. Major self-harm

Which one is - the rarest form, usually associated with psychosis. This results in severe injury such as self-castration or amputation.

Answer 27

3. Major self-harm

Question 28

T/F - 79 per cent of suicide victims had contact with health care professionals in the three months before death.

Answer 28

true

Question 29

With the SW suicide assessment - what do all these things have in common?

*Previous history of coping
*Social/familial connections
*Religious beliefs
*Connection to a health care/mental health team
*Future goals

Answer 29

they are protective factors

***Meaningful strong connection with 1 adult person (or a parents wants to stay for their child) is the BEST