October 5 - Suicide Flashcards
T/F - The act of suicide or attempted suicide results from the interaction of a variety of personal, interpersonal, historical, and contextual factors.
true
Suicidal ideation can emerge from extreme WHICH circumstances, which are either long-standing, as in the case of chronic illness, or transient, as in the case of interpersonal loss.
personal
T/F - Suicide can be culturally congruent and at least tacitly condoned by a community or can be viewed as a criminal act or a cardinal sin.
true
High suicide rates in a particular community can be the result of poverty, hopelessness, and despair related to historical and contextual factors, as exemplified in the case of suicide in Indigenous communities.
Acute suicide risk, Ongoing (chronic) suicide risk, or Self-harm or self-injury
which is Immediate and intense wish to be dead, often related to a particular life event that to the individual is of catastrophic proportions – may feel like there is no way out to escape
Acute suicide risk
Acute suicide risk, Ongoing (chronic) suicide risk, or Self-harm or self-injury
which is - Most common in individuals suffering from a long-term health or mental health problem that appears to have no possibility of relief. Sometimes it’s hard to shake it once they try – haunted by thoughts of that
Ongoing (chronic) suicide risk
Acute suicide risk, Ongoing (chronic) suicide risk, or Self-harm or self-injury
which occurs in some individuals who harm themselves without lethal intent.
Self-harm or self-injury
T/F - More females commit suicide (45 +) than males (males attempt more)
false - More males commit suicide (45 +) than females (females attempt more)
T/F - Mental disorders, particularly depression and substance abuse, are estimated to be associated with 90 per cent of all suicide-related deaths in the world
true
T/F - Children & youth (10 – 19)
* Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death
* Males account for 41% (10-14) and 70% (15-19)
* Self harm hospitalization 72% of females
true
T/F - Young Adults (20-29):
* Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death
* Males account for 75% of suicides
* Self harm hospitalization 58% of females
true
T/F - Adults (30 – 44):
* Suicide is the 3rd leading cause of death
* Males account for 75% of suicides
* Self harm hospitalization 56% of females
true
T/F - Adults (45 – 64):
* Suicide is the 7th leading cause of death
* Males account for 73% of suicides (45-59 is the very highest)
* Self harm hospitalization 56% of females
true
T/F - Seniors (65+):
* Suicide is the 12th leading cause of death
* Males account for 80% of suicides
* Self harm hospitalization 52% of females
true
T/F - Although suicide is more common among some age groups than others, mental health issues and suicide impact people of all ages
true
T/F - Those aged 55 to 59 years have the lowest death rate from suicide
false - highest rate
T/F - suicide is the 4th leading cause of death among youth / young adult 15 – 34
false - 2nd leading cause of death
*age 10-29 women have a higher rate of self-injury
What are 4 factors associated with suicide?
- Trauma
- Exposure to violence
- Substance use and addiction
- Inadequate community connectedness
T/F - On a per-capita basis, suicide rates in Canada are on a downward trend.
true
T/F - Indigenous people, especially youth, have lower rates of suicide as compared with non-Indigenous people
false - Indigenous people, especially youth, die by suicide at rates much higher than non-Indigenous people
While the overall suicide rate in Canada has been declining (from 11.6 in 2005 to 11.3 in 2018), the rate among Indigenous people remains shockingly high.
Inuit – 6.5x higher
First Nations – 3.7x higher
Metis – 2.7x higher
What are the 3 overarching factors contributing to suicide risk and self-harm?
1-Social-Environmental Factors
2-Intrapsychic (Internal psychological processes) Factors
3-Genetic and Neurochemistry Factors
What are 3 things that make up Social-Environmental Factors and describe them?
- anomie, in which a person experiences despair due to lack of connection with society (when you feel lonely and hopeless)
- altruism, in which the suicidal behaviour is associated with excessive integration into a group (group think, contagion effect), as in the case of a politically or religiously motivated suicide bomber
*Media / social media have also been associated with higher rates of suicide
What are 3 things that make up Intrapsychic (Internal psychological processes) Factors?
- Aggression turned inwards
- Same/self-blame/self hatred
- Hopelessness - about the future and about one’s own ability to change current and future circumstance.
** From an intrapsychic perspective, therefore, suicide results from a complex and heterogeneous mix of intolerance of negative affect, low frustration tolerance, impulsivity, and intolerable psychic pain.
Hoe does genetics play into suicide?
A number of genes may increase vulnerability to suicidal behaviour. There isn’t one gene for suicide, but genes that predispose you to factors (i.e. depression)
Epigenetics is the study of the manner in which the inherited genes interact with the environment - how does this relate to trauma?
trauma impacts your genetics which you pass on to your children
