For Final - Schizophrenia, Depression & Mania Flashcards
The textbook lacks a deeper analysis in those areas.
* Creativity
* Spirituality
* Madness
* Anti-psychiatry
* Labelling Theory
* Stigma
Consider the larger question: In what ways do these diagnoses help or hinder
this is true
People are more than their label (i.e. Schizophrenic)
t/f - Schizophrenia is one thing, one illness?
No - it’s a series of attributes that can get you that diagnosis.
Schizophrenia is a catch all term, there is incredible diversity when people are ‘Schizophrenic’
T/f - Generally more men, and hits people when they are young i.e. 20-34 years old are high users on health services
yes
In the 60s and 70s it was more drug-induced psychotic episodes so the prognosis was better because so many people could get better.
But now in modern times, it’s less drug induced, what does this mean?
Schizophrenia is considered a life-long illness that has to be managed.
High number of hospitalizations when you are younger, Schizophrenia gets WHAT with age.
more stable
Schizophrenia is a major mental illness that is characterized by two types of symptoms (they could have both or more of one than the other):
- positive - describe this
- negative - describe this
- positive (they are outward you can see them, overt symptoms) psychotic symptoms include thought disorder, hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia
- negative (covert symptoms, inward, hard to see on the outside) functioning symptoms include impairment in emotional range, reduced energy and motivation, and lack of enjoyment in activities. They may not speak or eat
In order for a Schizophrenia diagnosis to be made, the positive symptoms must persist for HOW LONG and be accompanied by severe impairment in vocational functioning, interpersonal relations, and self-care that persists for more HOW LONG.
at least one month
than six months
t/f - it has been largely in response to characterizations of schizophrenia and its course that the recovery movement and the recovery model have emerged.
true
Due to the recovery approach - studies have suggested that many people do improve or show remissions from the illness
In terms of schizophrenia…
t/f - Early intervention and engagement in high-risk populations could delay or prevent onset of psychosis
true
In terms of schizophrenia…
t/f - Treated symptoms are associated with poorer symptom reduction, less remission, lower social functioning and worse employment outcomes, and longer hospital stays
false - untreated symptoms
In terms of schizophrenia…
t/f - Previous well-adjusted personality, close friendships, acute onset, abstinence from drugs, being married and female associated with more positive outcomes
true
In terms of schizophrenia…
t/f - Hope and active engagement in treatment planning, intervention and recovery lead to more positive treatment outcomes
true
Schizophrenia is more common and has an earlier age of onset in men than women, why?
Likely due to neurodevelopmental, hormonal, and social differences, it is also more serious, has greater incidence of negative symptoms, and is less amenable to treatment in men
Factors Contributing to the Development of Schizophrenia - Social & Family Influences:
The relatively high prevalence of schizophrenia in urban centres - what are 2 ideas for this?
social drift (people with schizophrenia drift down the socio-economic ladder to inner-city centres where transient and socially mobile populations exist)
being born in an urban environment contributes significantly to risk of schizophrenia in adulthood; this effect continues even when other risk factors such as parental age and education, family history of psychiatric illness, and migration status are held constant.
Factors Contributing to the Development of - Substance use:
t/f- A significant risk factor for the development of schizophrenia is early drug use.
True - It has long been known that cocaine, amphetamines, and other hallucinogens may precipitate schizophrenia, especially in vulnerable individuals.
Factors Contributing to the Development of - Substance use:
t/f - research in the field of molecular genetics has clearly demonstrated an increased risk of schizophrenia in those who use cannabis
true
Factors Contributing to the Development of Biological factors (genetics, obstetrical complications, neurobiology):
Are these statements true?
*there are biological contributors to schizophrenia
*If a person inherits several risk genes, they are particularly susceptible to this illness
yes
Factors Contributing to the Development of Biological factors (genetics, obstetrical complications, neurobiology):
In terms of Obstetrical complications - is this true?
- infants who experienced intrauterine hypoxia (lack of oxygen) from obstetrical complications have a twofold risk of developing schizophrenia later in life
- People born in the winter months are more likely to develop schizophrenia likely due to vitamin D deficiency and prenatal maternal infections.
- Rubella, for instance, has been found to be associated with a ten- to twentyfold increase in risk of developing schizophrenia
- Maternal influenza, particularly during the second trimester of pregnancy, is associated with schizophrenia
- early insults to the brain, particularly in the second trimester of pregnancy, influence prenatal neurodevelopment and have been linked to structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia
yes
Factors Contributing to the Development of Biological factors (genetics, obstetrical complications, neurobiology):
In terms of Neurobiology - is this true?
*some kind of change in the availability of neurotransmitters occurs in schizophrenia.
*the brain of a person with schizophrenia produces more dopamine than is the norm, and this increased dopamine is believed to be responsible for the symptoms of the disease.
*people with schizophrenia have an increased rate of eye-movement abnormalities
*adults with schizophrenia had delays involving several child development milestones, including delayed walking, sitting, and standing
*there is evidence of abnormally large ventricles or spaces in the brain of those who have schizophrenia.
yes
In terms of schizophrenia…
t/f - most commonly presents in early adulthood, especially in first-year university or college.
Often, therefore, early symptoms of the illness are not detected by others. The young person who is beginning to experience symptoms is uncertain what is happening.
true
Put this phases of the family response to Schizophrenia in order:
Instability - Searching for explanations, anger, grief, loss
Developing awareness - Recognition of problem, increased concern
Mastering navigational skills - Developing workable plans, using support systems
Crisis - Exacerbation of problems, emotional distress
Realigning - Finding means for control, changing expectations
Developing
Crisis
Instability
Realigning
Mastering
Social Policy Challenges:
- Reduction in WHAT resulting in increased homelessness has left few housing options
- Increase in individuals with mental health problems who are WHAT
- 2010 study demonstrated 7% of individuals released from Ontario correctional facilities had diagnosis of schizophrenia and 67.5% were re-incarcerated within 5 years
*Risk factors for incarceration include poverty, unemployment, inadequate service access, symptom intensity and substance abuse
inpatient facilities
incarcerated
T/F - schizophrenia is the only illness you diagnosis from a conversation. – It’s so imprecise
true
