October 3

Question 1

What is alcohol?

Answer 1

Produced naturally from sugars through fermentation

Question 2

Standard drink (beer)

Answer 2

• 12oz
• 5%

Question 3

Standard drink (cider/cooler)

Answer 3

• 12oz
• 5%

Question 4

Standard drink (wine)

Answer 4

• 5oz
• 12%

Question 5

Standard drink (distilled alcohol)

Answer 5

• 1.5oz
• 40%

Question 6

Motives (from most to least frequent)

Answer 6

1.) Social
2.) Enhancement
3.) Coping
4.) Conformity

Question 7

Absorption of alcohol

Answer 7

• 20% stomach
  
  • 80% upper intestine

Question 8

Distribution of alcohol

Answer 8

• Evenly distributed throughout the body
  
  • Freely crosses the BBB
    * Lipophilic

Question 9

FASD

Answer 9

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
- A collection of physical and behavioural abnormalities caused by the presence of alcohol during fetal development

Question 10

FASD (characteristics)

Answer 10

• Growth suppression
• Pattern of abnormal features of the face and head
• CNS abnormality

Question 11

Predictors of alcohol metabolism rate

Answer 11

• Number of drinks consumed
• Sex
• Weight
• Resulting BAC

Exceptions:
- Tolerance and cross tolerance in long-term use
- Production of variant ADH1 in chronic use

Question 12

Metabolic process of breaking down alcohol

Answer 12

1.) Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) functions to convert alcohol to acetaldehyde
2.) Enzyme ADH converts acetaldehyde to acetic acid
3.) Acetic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide and water (largely takes place outside the liver; heart, skeletal muscles, brain)

Question 13

Alcohol and GABA receptors

Answer 13

• Alcohol activates GABA receptors -> neural inhibition
  
  • Sedative properties
  • Seizures during withdrawal

Question 14

Alcohol and glutamate

Answer 14

• Alcohol inhibits glutmate
  
  • NMDA receptors
• Cognitive impairments and memory disruption
• Hyper excitability and cravings during withdrawal