October 17 - Functional Groups Flashcards
Alkane
Not really a functional group, just a bunch of carbons and hydrogens
The letter ‘R’ is used to indicate any alkyl group
Alkene
Double bond
Can refer to the whole molecule as a functional group if it only has an alkene, otherwise just refer to double bond as alkene
Alkyne
Triple bond
Aromatic ring
A six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds
There are other types of aromatic rings, but this type (benzene ring) is the only one we will focus on for now
Alcohol
H in an alkane replaced by an -OH
OH attached to an R
Ether
Oxygen bridging two carbon atoms
Oxygen bridging two R
Amine
NR3 group
N attached to three R
Haloalkaline/alkyl halide
H in an alkane replaced by a halogen
Any halogen attached to an R
Aldehyde
A carbon atom that shares a double bond with an oxygen atom, a single bond with a hydrogen atom, and a single bond an R
Has a carbonyl in its structure
Ketone
A carbon atom that is covalently bonded to an oxygen atom. The remaining two bonds are to other carbon atoms or hydrocarbon radicals (R):
Has a carbonyl in its structure
Carboxylic acid
A carbon atom that shares a double bond with an oxygen atom, a single bond with a hydroxyl group, and a single bond with an R
Same as an aldehyde but bonded to an OH instead of an H
Has a carbonyl in its structure
Ester
A carbon atom that shares a double bond with an oxygen atom, a single bond with an O that is bonded to an R, and a single bond with another atom or group of atoms
Has a carbonyl in its structure
Amide
A carbon atom that shares a double bond with an oxygen atom, a single bond with an N that is bonded to an R, and a single bond with another atom or group of atoms
Has a carbonyl in its structure
Nitrile
N triple bonded to a carbon
