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Anatomy 1 > Oct 7 - Head and Neck > Flashcards

Oct 7 - Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Name the two bony structures that comprise the skull

A

The neurocranium and the viscerocranium

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2
Q

How many bones is the neurocranium made up of? Name them

A

6 different bones. The frontal bone, the temporal bone (both the squamous part and the petrous part), the occiptal bone, the parietal bone and the sphenoid bone

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3
Q

How many bones is the viscerocranium made up of? Name them

A

15 different bones. The ethmoid bone, the lacrimal bone, the nasal bones, the zygomatic bones, the maxillas, the mandible, the temporal bone (tympanic part), the middle nasal concha, the inferior nasal concha, the palatine bones, the vomer

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4
Q

What’s the difference between the skull of an adult and the skull of a newborn?

A

Connecting sutures fuse the bones together in an adult. Newborns have plates of bones seperated by a flexible fibrous structure called the frontanelles, which allow the bone plates to be flexible (sometimes the plates have to overlap to exit the birth canal)

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5
Q

Name the three floors/fossas of the skull

A

The anterior floor/cranial fossa
The middle floor/cranial fossa
The posterior floor/cranial fossa

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6
Q

Name the three types of LeFort fractures

A

Type I: Maxilla fractures
Type II: Whole maxilla
Type III: Dissociation of the neurocranium and viscerocranium

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7
Q

What are sinuses?

A

They are air-filled pockets within the skull

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8
Q

Why do we have sinuses?

A

Many reasons; sounds, lighter skull, smell

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9
Q

Describe the drainage of the maxillary sinus

A

Cilia within the sinus move the mucus up towards the opening and excrete the mucus into the nose

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10
Q

Where are our adult teeth stored when we are babies?

A

In the maxillary sinus

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11
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles for facial expression?

A

Cranial nerve VII: the facial muscle. It emerges from just behind your ear (susceptible to damage)

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12
Q

What is Bell’s Palsy?

A

Drooping of one side of the face because that side of the face is not innervated

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13
Q

What’s the difference between the muscles for facial expression and the muscles for mastication?

A

The muscles for facial expression are attached directly to the skin whereas the muscles for mastication are not

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14
Q

Name the four muscles of mastication

A

The masseter, the temporalis, the medial and lateral pterygoid

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15
Q

What innervates the muscles of mastication?

A

The mandibular branch (V3) of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)

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16
Q

What are the muscles involved in closing the mouth?

A

The masseter, the temporalis and the medial pterygoid

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17
Q

What muscles are involved in opening the mouth?

A

The lateral pterygoid and the supra-/ingrahyoid muscles

18
Q

What muscles are involved in protrusion of the mouth?

A

The lateral pterygoid, the masseter and the medial pterygoid

19
Q

What muscles are involved in retrusion of the mouth?

A

The temporalis and the masseter

20
Q

Name the major artery of the head

A

The communal carotid artery, which splits into the external and the internal carotid arteries

21
Q

What is the function of the external carotid artery?

A

It’s main function is to provide arterial blood to the head and neck

22
Q

What is the function of the internal carotid artery?

A

It’s main function is to provide arterial blood to the brain. It lies posterior to the external carotid artery

23
Q

Describe extensive venous system of the head

A

Networks of small veins, called plexuses, channel the venous blood to the jugular vein, which drains blood from the face, skull and brain

24
Q

What is the infratemporal fossa

A

It’s behind the mandibul, in the area below your temples.

25
Q

What happens if the maxillary artery is ruptured?

A

It can cause a serious nose bleed and even cause death

26
Q

How is the intratemporal fossa attached to the eye? Why is this important?

A

By the inferior orbital fissura. This is a potential pathway for infections

27
Q

Name four parts of the oral cavity

A

Hard platelet, soft platelet, the tongue and the teeth

28
Q

Name the four tonsils

A

Tubal tonsil, palatine tonsil, the lingual tonsil and the pharyngeal tonsil

29
Q

How many baby teeth do you have?

A

20 primary teeth

30
Q

How many adult teeth do you have?

A

32 adult teeth

31
Q

Why is oral health important?

A

It is directly related to your overall health

32
Q

Describe the hard platelet

A

Made up of three bones that fuse together in utero. They are one of the first mouth structures developed

33
Q

What is cleft palate?

A

When the hard palate doesn’t form properly. The soft palate doesn’t develop because it requires a hard palate. These children cannot feed properly because the milk comes out their nose

34
Q

Name the typical distribution of cleft types

A

Cleft lip alone (15%), cleft lip and palate (45%), isolated cleft palate (40%)

35
Q

Name the two types of tongue muscles

A

External and internal (the internal muscle is the actual body of the tongue)

36
Q

Where does vasculature for the tongue come from?

A

The underside of the tongue

37
Q

Why is our mouth wet?

A

There are glands that keep our mouth moist (dry mouth is a sympathetic response)

38
Q

Describe cancer of the tongue

A

It is very severe, usually fatal. It’s usually caused by smoking. The tumor will spread along the lymphatic system

39
Q

Describe the movements of the neck

A

The neck is capable of retroflexion (bending back), anteflexion (bending forward) and side flexion

40
Q

Describe whiplash in terms of what happens to the neck

A

The rapid movement causes you to jerk your head back, which can rip off the cervical vertebrae. It’s very painful and requires surgical intervention

41
Q

Describe a hanging in terms of what happens to the neck

A

A spinous process is ripped off and the vertebrae moves inward

42
Q

What is the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

It is the anterior space limited by the two sternocleidomastoideus and the mandible

Anatomy 1 (9 decks)

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