Oct 14 - The Neck Flashcards
Name the superior borders of the neck
The external occipital proturbance
Tip of mastoid process
Inferior border of mandible
Name the inferior borders of the neck
Suprasternal notch
Clavicle
Acromion
Spinous process of C7 vertebra
What is the platysma
Superficial muscle of the neck. It is responsible for stretching the skin of the neck
Name the fascial layers of the neck from most superficial to deepest
Investing layer
Pretracheal layer
Carotid sheath
The prevertebral layer
Describe the investing layer
It wraps around the trapezius muscle and the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Describe the pretracheal layer
Divides into the muscular layer and the visceral layer. It contributes to the carotid sheath
What is found in the carotid sheath
The vagus nerve, the carotid artery and the jugular vein
Describe the prevertebral layer
It wraps around the posterior muscles of the neck and the vertebral column
What muscles divides the neck into anterior and posterior compartments?
The sternocleiomastoid
Name the suprahyoid muscles and their innervations
Anterior belly of digastric (Mandibular branch, trigeminal nerve)
Posterior belly of digastric (Facial nerve)
Stylohyoid (Facial nerve)
Genohyoid (Spinal nerve C1)
Mylohyoid (Mandibular branch, trigeminal nerve)
Name the infrahyoid muscles and their innervation
Sternohyiod
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
They are all innervated by the ansa cervicalis
Why are the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles important?
They are important for creating flow of mouth cavity. They keep the jugular open
Name the anterior prevertebral muscles and their innervation
Longus colli (C2-C6) Longus capitis (C1-C3/4) Anterior and lateral rectus capitis (C1)
Name the lateral prevertebral muscles and their innervation
Anterior scalenus (ventral rami of C5/6) Medius scalenus (ventral rami of C3-C8) Posterior scalenus (C5-C8)
Name the nerves of Erb’s point
Lesser occiptal nerve
Great auricular nerve
Transverse cervical nerve
Supraclavicular nerves
Name the contents of the lateral triangle of the neck
Brachial plexus
Vagus nerve
Sympathetic trunk
Describe the brachial plexus
As the cervical nerves (C5-T1) exit the intervertebral foramen, they mix and create a thick dense structure. They come through the lateral triangle and innervate the arm. There is a thickening of the spinal cord at this area
What parts of the brachial plexus is found above the clavicle?
The roots, the trunks and the divisions
Name the cords
Lateral cord, medial cord and the posterior cord
Describe the nerves derived from the cords
The lateral cord and the medial cord come together to create the median nerve. The medial cord also becomes the ulnar nerve. The posterior cord becomes the radial nerve
What does the vagus nerve innervate?
The whole neck and the contents within as well as the left upper curvature of the intestine. It’s the longest cranial nerve
What is the important of the sensory ganglia (superior ganglion and inferior ganglion) of the vagus nerve?
They provide information regarding blood pressure and chemical composition
What is the sympathetic trunk?
Paired bundle of nerve fibres that run from the base of the skull to the coccyx. Within the lateral triangle, it is identified by three ganglia
What is the stellate ganglion?
It is a sympathetic ganglion formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical ganglion and the first thoracic ganglion (exists in 80% of cases). Located at the C7 level.
