OCS 10-13 Test Review COPY Flashcards
(39 cards)
Where did Asian immigrants enter the United States?
Angel Island
What is social darwinism?
Economically, social Darwinists argue that the strong should see their wealth and power increase while the weak should see their wealth and power decrease. Different social Darwinists have differing views about which groups of people are considered to be the strong and which groups of people are considered to be the weak, and they also hold different opinions about the precise mechanism that should be used to reward strength and punish weakness.
Explain what the Knights of Labor did and who they were.
It was the largest and one of the most important American labor organizations of the 1880s. Its most important leader was Terence V. Powderly. It was destroyed by the Haymarket square incident. It was unique because it accepted almost all groups into its ranks.
What is the definition of a Robber Baron?
An American capitalist who acquired a fortune in the late nineteenth century by ruthless means such as stealing from his workers and from the public. It is a negative connotation for an industrial capitalist
Where did European immigrants enter the United States?
Ellis Island
List 3 different Robber Barons/Captains of Industry and provide me with their major industries and how they spent their money.
Andrew Carnegie- led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. Pittsburg. Gave a lot of his money away to Charity
J.P. Morgan- an American financier, banker, and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time
John Rockefeller- An American business magnate and philanthropist. He was a co-founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust
Cornelius Vanderbilt- An American business magnate and philanthropist who built his wealth in railroads and shipping.
What is the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson?
Allowed for the legal practice of segregation (Jim Crow Laws). Argued that segregation is ok because things can be “separate but equal.”
Explain multiple ways that Robber Barons/Captains of Industry gain monopolies.
They lower the prices of their products,so that no one wants to buy the more expensive product. The smaller companies will eventually go out of businesses, and the robber baron will buy out the smaller businesses to gain a monopoly in their industry. The oil industry often does this. Rockefeller and Vanderbilt make an alliance, and Vanderbilt would only ship Rockefeller’s oil. Creating a monopoly in the oil industry.
Who is Jacob Riis and what did he do?
He was a “muckraking” journalist and social documentary photographer. He is known for using his photographic and journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City; those impoverished New Yorkers were the subject of most of his prolific writings and photography. He endorsed the implementation of “model tenements”
Explain what the Plessy v. Ferguson court case established.
a landmark United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of “separate but equal”.
Explain what institutionalized discrimination means.
Institutionalized discrimination refers to the unjust and discriminatory mistreatment of an individual or group of individuals by society and its institutions as a whole, through unequal selection or bias, intentional or unintentional; as opposed to individuals making a conscious choice to discriminate.
Explain Justice Harlan’s Dissent in the Plessy V. Ferguson? What were his main arguments?
he argued that segregationist legislation, like the Louisiana law in this case, was based on the assumption that “colored citizens are so inferior and degraded that they cannot be allowed to sit in public coaches occupied by white citizens.” These laws promoted and perpetuated the belief that African Americans were inferior to whites, according to Justice Harlan. They must be struck down, he argued, because the government could not “permit the seeds of race hate to be planted under the sanction of law.” Justice Harlan believed that the constitution must be “color-blind,” and that it could allow “no superior, dominant ruling class of citizens.” Because segregation had the effect of creating such classes, he judged, it was unconstitutional.
What are tenements?
Buildings that had once been single-family dwellings were increasingly divided into multiple living spaces to accommodate this growing population. Known as tenements, these narrow, low-rise apartment buildings–many of them concentrated in the city’s Lower East Side neighborhood–
Explain the journey for immigrants coming to Ellis Island.
- 1-2 months on a crowded, hot, disgusting, illness ridden ship
- Do not get to bathe during entire journey
- Once arrived they could be sent back for being sick, not passing an IQ test, or not having enough money
Explain what debt-peonage is.
The use of laborers bound in servitude because of debt. They were often kept for long periods of time because it was the boss who determined if the debt has been paid.
List the rates of immigration of both Europeans to the East coast and Asians to the West coast.
Europeans- 20 million between 1880-1920
Chinese- ~200,000
Japanese- ~200,000
What are the lynching rates of African Americans from 1882-1892?
Over 1,400. However, there were many more unofficial cases. Into the tens of thousands following Reconstruction
What is a monopoly?
the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.
What were the long lasting effects of the Haymarket Strike/Bombing?
Unions were seen as possibly communist/anarchists/terrorists
Explain the convict-leasing system
Convict leasing was a system of penal labor practiced in the Southern United States, beginning with the emancipation of slaves at the end of the American Civil War in 1865, peaking around 1880, and officially ending in the last state, Alabama, in 1928.
-Rented prisoners to PRIVATE industries and worked them often times to death
What groups are affected by social darwinism in the 20th Century (at least 3)? Explain.
Rich vs. Poor, Men vs. Women, Races
Classism, sexism, racism
What are the Jim Crow Laws?
Jim Crow Laws were written down rules and regulations that if broken African Americans could go to prison
Examples are Pig Laws, Segregation, illegal to go to school, Marriage - “All marriages of white persons with Negroes, Mulattos, Mongolians, or Malaya hereafter contracted in the State of Wyoming are and shall be illegal and void.” (Wyoming law)
Hospitalization - “The Board of Control shall see that proper and distinct apartments are arranged for said patients [in a mental hospital], so that in no cases shall Negroes and white persons be together.” (Georgia law)
Explain what a political machine is.
A political machine is a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts.
How are political machines maintained?
When these people are elected into office, they pay most, if not all judges/police officers/other politicians in the area, to allow them to escape getting caught in their nefarious actions.
