Midyear Exam Review COPY Flashcards
What is Prohibition and who supported it?
-The prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the US between 1920 and 1933. -Progressives, women, KKK
What does Alliance system mean?
-Defense agreement among nations promising to protect each other if one goes to war or another nation declares war on them.
Explain the Bolshevik revolution?
-It was a revolution in Russia in 1917–1918, also called the October Revolution, that overthrew the czar and brought the Bolsheviks, a Communist party led by Lenin, to power.
What does Imperialism mean?
-It is a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Usually a larger more powerful nation taking over a smaller weaker one.
What replaced the Articles of Confederation and why?
-U.S. Constitution -Articles of Confederation did not have an Executive Branch, National court systems, different currencies between states, COULD NOT COLLECT TAXES
What is the convict-leasing system?
-Prisoners were sold to private companies and forced to work. -They were sold for months at a time -Much worse than slavery because if they died from exhaustion more could be rented from prisons. -In slavery, slaves were treated better because they were the individual property of their owner and often did not want to seriously harm them, which could damage their ability to turn a profit.
Explain Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle” and what it helped to improve during the Progressive Era.
-The Jungle is a 1906 novel written by the American journalist and novelist Upton Sinclair. Sinclair wrote the novel to portray the harsh conditions and exploited lives of immigrants in the United States -It helped to improve the food industry
List the positive changes of the American city in the late 19th century.
-Population growth -Technological innovations -Job opportunities
What are the Jim Crow Laws? Provide Examples
-The Jim Crow laws were racial segregation laws enacted after the Reconstruction period in Southern United States, at state and local levels, and which continued in force until 1965, which mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states -no walking along railroads -no interracial marriage -segregation of all public spaces -segregated military -ETC…
Which countries suffered the most deaths in WWI
Austro-Hungary= 900,000 Germany= 1,600,000 Italy= 700,000 France= 1,400,000 Great Britain= 650,000 Russia= 1,750,000 U.S.A.= 50,000
What is women’s suffrage?
-Women’s right to vote -19th Amendment (1920)
What time period is the 19th century, 20th century, and 21st century?
-19th (1800-1899) -20th (1900-1999) -21st (2000-2099)
Provide 3 examples of voting discrimination that was taking place following Reconstruction in the South towards African Americans.
-KKK intimidation -Poll Taxes -Literacy Tests
What is the Bill of Rights and what group wanted it to be a part of the Constitution?
-The first ten amendments to the US Constitution, ratified in 1791 and guaranteeing such rights as the freedoms of speech, assembly, and worship. -The ANTI-FEDERALISTS
What is TOTAL WAR?
-a war that is unrestricted in terms of the weapons used, the territory or combatants involved, or the objectives pursued, especially one in which the laws of war are disregarded.
Who argued for “Life, Liberty, and Property”? and what U.S. founding document did this influence?
John Locke- Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson)
Explain the First Red Scare?
-The rounding up and deportation of several hundred immigrants of radical political views by the federal government in 1919 and 1920. This “scare” was caused by fears of subversion by communists in the United States after the Russian Revolution
What were the major problems in American society that Progressive Reformers were trying to fix (list at least 5)?
-Corruption in Business -Urban issues: overcrowding, disease, etc.. -Working Conditions: hours, wages, danger, etc.. -Women’s Rights -Immigration Reform -Prohibition -Civil Rights issues
Who wrote the 14-point program?
-President Woodrow Wilson
What are muckrakers (Progressive Era)? and what were they trying to accomplish?
-Journalists who search for and expose real or alleged corruption, scandal, especially in politics.
Why is the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand significant?
-It was the spark that started WWI
Explain Nativism.
-The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. Xenophobic belief that Native-born Americans are better than immigrants within a given country.
What is the Zimmerman Telegram?
-The message came as a coded telegram dispatched by the Foreign Secretary of the German Empire, Arthur Zimmermann, on January 16, 1917 to Mexico. -It was an attempt to persuade Mexico to attack the United States and promised to return all of the territory they had lost in the Mexican-American war.
What is the system of checks and balances within the American government?
-A fundamental principle of American government, guaranteed by the Constitution, whereby each branch of the government (executive, judicial, and legislative) has some measure of influence over the other branches and may choose to block procedures of the other branches.
Where did Americans from rural areas move to in the United States in the late 19th century and why?
-Moved to Cities -More jobs in the cities
How much did Germany have to pay in reparations because of the Treaty of Versailles in modern dollars?
-400-500 Billion dollars
How long did the Spanish-American war last?
-Only 15 weeks
Why was the American city changing in the late 19th century? (At least 3 reasons)
-Industrial expansion: There was a maturing of the industrial economy, rapid expansion of big business, development of large-scale agriculture, and the rise of national labor unions and industrial conflict. An outburst of technological innovation in the late 19th century fueled this headlong economic growth. However, the accompanying rise of the American corporation and the advent of big business resulted in a concentration of the nation’s productive capacities in fewer and fewer hands. Mechanization brought farming into the realm of big business as well, making the United States the world’s premier food producer -Population growth in cities: There was an unprecedented amount of immigration in the United States. Between 1880 and 1900, cities in the United States grew at a dramatic rate. Owing most of their population growth to the expansion of industry, U.S. cities grew by about 15 million people in the two decades before 1900. Many of those who helped account for the population growth of cities were immigrants arriving from around the world. A steady stream of people from rural America also migrated to the cities during this period. Between 1880 and 1890, almost 40 percent of the townships in the United States lost population because of migration. -Urbanization: Workers moved towards manufacturing centers in cities and towns seeking jobs in factories as agricultural jobs became less common. Urbanization in America in the late 1800’s was also driven by the massive influx of unskilled immigrants who also flocked to the industrial cities to start their new life in America, the land of opportunity.
