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Marine Biodiversity - Plants - Moro > Ochrophyta - Phaeophycaceae > Flashcards

Ochrophyta - Phaeophycaceae Flashcards

1
Q

difference between class Phaeophycaceae and other Ochrophyta-classes?

A
  • Location of flagella (if present)
  • laterally, and NOT (sub)apically
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2
Q

thalli in Laminariales and Fucales

A
  • cortex = outermost layer of photosynthetic cells
  • medulla = inner layer of non-pigmented cells
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3
Q

what does the cortex do?

A
  • produce mucilages
  • protects thallus from drying during emersion
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4
Q
A

order: Ectocarpales
- filamentous, uniseriate branched

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5
Q
A

Order: Dictyotales
- parenchymatous thalli
- regular dichotomous branching pattern
- thallus with 3 layers:
1) small cells containing many chloroplasts on each of two outer layers –> involved in PS
2) large pale cells, devoid of chloroplasts, with storage function, in the inner layer

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6
Q
A

Order: Dictyotales

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7
Q
A

order: Desmarestiales
- thalli depending on life cycle
- left +. right: microthalli
middle: macrothalli –> flattened, presence of blades, small blades attached

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8
Q

flattened acid kelps

A
  • order: Desmarestiales
  • cold temperate waters
  • produce sulfuric acid as protection from herbivores
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9
Q
A
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10
Q

life cycle Laminariales

A
  1. macrothalli: Sporophyte
    - large
    - foliose
    - parenchymatous
    - highly differentiated
  2. microthalli: gametophytic phase
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11
Q
A

Among Desmarestiales there is the species Desmarestia antarctica and two endemic genera of Antarctica: Himantothallus and Phaeurus. These two genera, moreover, are monospecific.

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12
Q
A

order: Laminariales

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

organization of sporophyte in Laminariales

A
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14
Q
A
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15
Q

organization of Laminariales sporophyte
(functions)

A
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16
Q
A
  • order: Laminariales
  • organization of sporophyte
  • right: trumpet hyphae
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17
Q
A

order: Laminariales

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18
Q
A

order: Laminariales
genus: Laminaria

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19
Q
A

order: Laminariales
genus: Dictyoneurum sp.

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20
Q
A

order: Laminariales
genus: Alaria

21
Q
A

order: Laminariales
genus: Egregia sp

  • stipe flattened and irregularly branched
  • blade with outgrowths through most of the length
  • outgrowths with diff. functions
    1. pneumatocysts
    2. sterile blades
    3. small blades with sory (sporophylls)
22
Q
A

order: Laminariales
genus: Alaria

23
Q
A

order: Laminariales
genus: corda

24
Q
A

order: Laminariales
Genus: Agarum

25
Q
A

order: Laminariales
Genus: Agarum

26
Q
A

order: Laminariales
Genus: Nereocystis

27
Q

Nereocystis luetkeana

A
28
Q
A

order: Laminariales
genus: Nereocystis

29
Q
A

order: Laminariales
genus: Macrocystis (Giant kelp)

  • sieve cells form a layer between cortex and medulla
  • perforation by areas of plasmodesmata in transverse walls of young filaments –> resembles sieve tubes of phloem (higher plant)
  • callose structures in cross walls of older filaments –> like older sieve plates of phloem (higher plants)

! evolutionary convergence !

30
Q

what plant and what happens?

A

Macrocystis

32
Q

when in Giant kelp the blade splits, what happens?

A
33
Q
A

order: Laminariales
genus: Macrocystis

34
Q
A

order: Laminariales
genus: Undaria sp.

very competitive, able to substitute other species
able to live attached on wood
structure characterized by very large size

35
Q

Undaria

A
36
Q

what about the thalli in adult and juvenile Undaria?

A
  • thalli differ when juvenile and adult
  • young: thallus flattened, blade irregular, presence of midrib
  • when getting older: blade pinnaed
  • corrugated (geriffelte) structure with sporophylls
37
Q

temporal development dynamics of Undaria pinnatifida

A

undaria is considered an annual species

38
Q
A

order: Fucales

39
Q

order? genera?

A

order: Fucales
Genera: fucus

40
Q
A

order: Fucales
Genera: fucus

gas vesicles in basal part of thallus
low motion of water (environment) allows that more gas vesicles develop

41
Q

describe morphology

A

order: Fucales
Genera: fucus

they have typically:
1. stipe
2. blades
3. receptacles
4. apices

  • Receptacles: specialized structures that bear reproductive organs known as conceptacles. These conceptacles contain reproductive cells (gametes or spores)
42
Q
A

order: Fucales
Genera: Ascophyllum

43
Q
A

order: Fucales
Genera: Sargassum

44
Q

Sargassum

A
  • some pelagic species “floating Sargassum”
  • increase in summer periods due to
    1. thalli-division
    2. arrival of floating algae do to storms
  • it hosts biocenosises in the tangles of their organisms
45
Q

what is Sargassum natans? S. fluitans?

A
  • pelagic species of Sargassum
  • currently considered separate species
  • some rhodophyta living as epiphytes
46
Q
A

order: Fucales
genera: Sargassum
species: muticum

long stipe with very short blades but very high amount of gas vesicles (yellowish)

47
Q

Sargassum muticum

A
48
Q
A

Sargassum muticum
- typical characteristics: many vesicles –> buoyancy

49
Q

temporal development dynamics of Sargassum muticum

A
50
Q

Phaeophyceae: Ecology and Use?

A
51
Q

what zone is important for the vegetation of Fucales?

A
  • intertidal zones of rocky coasts
52
Q
A

Marine Biodiversity - Plants - Moro (13 decks)

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