Ochem Flashcards
Naming steps
- Find longest carbon chain 2. The highest priority functional group will provide the suffix 3. The carbon numbered 1 will be the one closest to the highest priority functional group 4. A substitutents name will be placed at the beginning as a prefix, followed by the name of the longest chain.
Priority in functional groups
The more oxidized a carbon is, the higher priority it has in the molecule. Oxidation state increases with more bonds to atoms other than carbon and hydrogen However Double bond > triple bond
t-butyl
isopropyl
isobutyl
Pic
sec-butyl
Pic
Hydrocarbons
Compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms
Alkanes
Have the formula CnH(2n+2) Methane (one carbon) Ethane (2 carbons) Propane (3 carbons) Butane (4 carbons) Pentane Hexane Heptane Octane Nonane
Alcohols
The hydroxyl group (OH) > double bond + triple bond Will be given a lower number If the alcohol is not the highest priority functional group, then it is named as a substituent (hydroxy-)
Ethanol
Pic
Ethyl alcohol
Pic
Isopropyl alcohol
Pic
Diols
Alcohols with two hydroxyl groups. Indicated with suffix -diol
Geminal diols
Diols with hydroxyl groups on the same carbon. AKA hydrates. They spontaneously dehydrate to produce carbonyl compounds
Vicinal diols
Diols with hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbons
Aldehydes
Suffix -al The aldehyde is usually at position 1, so you don’t need to include the number in the name
Formaldehyde
AKA methanal Pic
Acetaldehyde
AKA ethanal Pic
Propionaldehyde
AKA propanal Pic
Ketones
Suffix is -one The carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is the alpha carbon
