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Climate Change - Ocean/Terrestial > Ocean - Sinks > Flashcards

Ocean - Sinks Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most prominent feature of ocean carbon sinks?

A

Phytoplankton absorbing up to 50%

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2
Q

What are the two major mechanisms of carbon sinkage in oceans?

A

Biological Pumps and Soubulity Pumps

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3
Q

Biological Pumps

A

The fixing of inorganic carbon into organic matter by PS with then transport into deep oceans.

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4
Q

Solubility Pumps

A

Transportaiton of carbon from dissolved inorganic carbon from ocean surface to its interior.

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5
Q

Ocean Acidification

A

The reducition in pH of oceans over periods of time primarily by CO2 uptake.

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6
Q

Euphotic Zone

A

The zone where plankton grow on the surface of oceans.

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7
Q

What are the three main constiuents of the BIological Pump?

A

Phytoplankton, Consumers and Bacteria

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8
Q

What is the structure of the BIological Pump?

A

Vertical Distribution of carbon by surface partial pressure of CO2.

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9
Q

Partial Pressure

A

The pressure of a gas when in a container with other gases also exerting pressure.

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10
Q

What does the B-Pump vertical distribution determine?

A

The air/water interface exchange of CO2

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11
Q

What is the role of phytoplankton?

A

Lower partial pressure of CO2 in upper zones through photosynthesis.

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12
Q

How does phytoplankton photosynthesis decrease CO2 levels in the atmosphere?

A

It removes CO2 in upper ocean levels allowing diffusive forces from the atmosphere to disseminate

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13
Q

What happens to organic carbon build up in the euphotic layer?

A

Processing by microbes/zooplankton to fecal matter.

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14
Q

How is processed organic carbon transported to lower ones?

A

Vertical migration of zooplankton.

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15
Q

Why is organic matter the primary mediator of CO2 sequestration?

A

As inorganic matter is usually recycled by upper level bacteria.

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16
Q

Why does dissolved organic carbon accumulate in the upper levels?

A

Microves do not immediately mineralise it.

17
Q

What is dissolved inorganic carbon formed from?

A

Dissolved organic carbon by respiration.

18
Q

Why does DIC increase with depth?

A

Increased respiration and decreased photosynthesis?

19
Q

How does Thermohaline Circulation relate to DIC?

A

It returns low level DIC thousands of years after deposition.

20
Q

Ballast Materials

A

These consitute the particle leaving the ocean by sinking, denser than sea water and mostly organic.

21
Q

Why is particle aggregation important in CO2 deposition?

A

Can lead to larger particle formation from smaller ones leading to sinking.

22
Q

Whay is CO2 vertical flux dependent on?

A

Phytoplankton Blooms
Marine Snow
Fecal Pallets

23
Q

Marine Snow

A

Dense composition of organic aggregates originatiing from phytodetritus.

24
Q

What is an example of marine snow?

A

Appendicularians secreting house structures composed of organic material like cellulose which are rapidly discharged throughout the day.

25
Q

What are Aggregates?

A

The mass sedimentation by phytoplankton blooms determines by adhesive capabilites probabalistic of phytoplankton collision.

26
Q

What are the three main constiuentes of marine phytoplankton?

A

Cyanobacteria (Nitrogen Fixers)
Diatoms (Sillcifiers)
Coccolithophores(Calcifiers)

27
Q

How do different species of marine phytoplankton differ?

A

Different sinking velocities due to cell wall composition structure, size, feeding habits etc.

28
Q

What is an example of size differnetiation in phytoplankton?

A

Cyanobacteria are smaller with lower sinking velocities thus have less carbon export potential from surface layers

29
Q

What is phytoplankton growth dependent on?

A

Temperatyre, light competition and nutrients.

30
Q

Why is phytoplankton physilogy and stoichiochemistry important?

A

It determines nutritional value recieved by consumers thus energy flow.

31
Q

Why is CO2 level increase dependent on the species?

A

Each species has varying levels of CO2 concentration mechanisms surrounding the Rubisco Enzyme.

32
Q

Why might the bicarbonate/co2 ratio change benefit organisms?

A

Those utilising only CO2 have increase growth opposed to those using bicarbonate.

33
Q

Why are larger diatoms more affected by CO2 increase over smalelr ones?

A

Smaller cells have larger surface area per unit volume supporting more diffusive uptake, whilst larger diatoms rely more of CO2 concentraiton mechanisms

34
Q

CO2 Concentrating Mechanisms

A

Elevation of CO2 saturation near Rubisco to increase photosynthetic CO2 efficiency.

Climate Change - Ocean/Terrestial (18 decks)

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