Ocean Acidifciation

Question 1

What causes ocean acidificaiton?

Answer 1

Increasing CO2 ppm and increased CO2 dissolution in sea water.

Question 2

What does warming induce of the ocean?

Answer 2

Stratifcation and Anoxic zones

Question 3

Anoxic Zones

Answer 3

Where O2 levels become so depleted due to decreased O2 solubility.

Question 4

Why does O2 solubility decrease?

Answer 4

Increasing temperatures.

Question 5

How are dead zones formed?

Answer 5

Over enrichment depletes dissolved oxygen in coasts, excessively promoting primarty production, with elevated respiration.

Question 6

How much of global photosynthetic carbon fixation is by marine organisms?

Answer 6

Half

Question 7

What are the most prominent ocean carbon fixators?

Answer 7

Microalgae and Cyanobacteria.

Question 8

What does increasing CO2 uptaked do the the ocean?

Answer 8

Increases variability of CO2 species conecntrations of the dissolved ions.

Question 9

What does H20 + CO2 form?

Answer 9

Bicarbonate and H ions

Question 10

Bicarbonate

Answer 10

HCO3

Question 11

What results from water and CO2 mixing?

Answer 11

Increased hydrogen ion concentration, and lowering of carbonate ion concentraiton.

Question 12

Carbonate ions

Answer 12

CO3^2

Question 13

What does H + CO3^2 form?

Answer 13

Bicarbonate

Question 14

Why are varying chemical compositions bad for marine organisms?

Answer 14

Different organisms have different chemical requirements of CO2, carbonate and bicarbonate.

Question 15

CaCO3 saturation state

Answer 15

This measures potential of seawater to corrode CaCO3 shells and skeletons of marine organisms

Question 16

Why does CaCO3 saturation state decrease with increasing CO2?

Answer 16

CaCO3 is dependent on carbonate ions, which decreases with increasing CO2.

Question 17

How does increased calcification decrease ocean acidifcaiton?

Answer 17

Decreased carbonate ions.

Question 18

What is an example of a benefit of increased CO2?

Answer 18

Thalassisira weissfloggi has faster particulate carbon production rate, as a coastal species.

Question 19

How might reduced oxygen have little effect on species?

Answer 19

Algae have CO2 concentration mechanisms that maintain high CO2/O2 ratios at Rubisco.

Question 20

How has hypoxic boundarya changed in the ocean?

Answer 20

Shoaled from 400 to 300m with significant O2 decrase

Question 21

Shoaling

Answer 21

Incident wave deformation on lower shoreface, when water depth becomes less than half the wavelength causing steeper waves.