Ecology - Macroinvertebrates Phylum

Question 1

Porifera

Answer 1

Sponges are primarilty marine, having 300 species in lotic/lentic habitats

Question 2

What porifera family is marine?

Answer 2

Spongillidae

Question 3

How do porifera feed?

Answer 3

Selectively through filtering particles.

Question 4

Structural features of porifera?

Answer 4

Aquiferous system, no organs, specialised cells.

Question 5

Aquiferous System

Answer 5

This is the sponges system of connected water channels.

Question 6

Types of cells found in porifera?

Answer 6

Choanocytes
Pinacocytes
Endopinacoytes
Amoebocytes

Question 7

Where are pinaco and choanocytes found?

Answer 7

On the outer surface and the inner sruface respecitvely.

Question 8

How do porifera pull in water?

Answer 8

Choanocytes establish water currents pulled through the dermal pores

Question 9

Importance of porifera mesohyl?

Answer 9

Contains many cells that can differentiate into other cells…

Question 10

How is surface area-volume ratio maintained in development?

Answer 10

Folding over of the pinaco and choanderms(each one cell layer thick)

Question 11

How is the porifera atrium opened to the envrionment?

Answer 11

The Osculum

Question 12

Porifera digestion…

Answer 12

Internal, constant criculation brining nutrients in.

Question 13

What do porifera feed on?

Answer 13

Protists, bacteria, algae, detritus..

Question 14

Gas/waste excretion in porifera..

Answer 14

Simple diffusion across body wall

Question 15

Cnidaria

Answer 15

Includes jellyfish, hydroids, croal and anemones.

Question 16

Anatomical features of Cnidaria…

Answer 16

Radial symmetry and specialised cniocytes

Question 17

Cnidocytes

Answer 17

Stining cells in cnidaria containing nematocyts for prey capture.

Question 18

Types of reproductive capabilities in Cnidaria?

Answer 18

Sexual and asexual with hydroids/polyp and medusa life-cycle stages.

Question 19

Most common cnidaria in freshwater?

Answer 19

Hydra

Question 20

Hydra

Answer 20

1-20mm long attaching to macrophytes and substrates, using nematocysts to paralyze copepods and cladocerans.

Question 21

How do hdyra move?

Answer 21

Production of a gas bubble.

Question 22

Rotifera anatomy…

Answer 22

Cilliated corona with a digestive mastax, a stomach an intestine, an anus, a cerebral ganglion and a central foot.

Question 23

How do rotifera feed?

Answer 23

Filter feeding, using cilia, or benthic engulfing near-swimming species.

Question 24

Annelida

Answer 24

Metameric, triploblastic coelomates.

Question 25

Annelida segments?

Answer 25

Prostomium and Peristomium, with a terminal back end of a pygidium with the anus

Question 26

Organ arrangement of annelida?

Answer 26

Organs are suspended, each segment with a portion of gut, circulatory system and nervous system

Question 27

What marks metameric segmentation of annelids?

Answer 27

Annuli

Question 28

How do segments move individually of one another?

Answer 28

Hydrostatic skeleton.

Question 29

What annelids found in freshwater?

Answer 29

Oligochaeta and Leeches

Question 30

Tubifex as a bioindcator?

Answer 30

Its resitance to low O2 and high levels of organic pollution

Question 31

Platyhelminths

Answer 31

Acoelomate protosomtes including tapeworms

Question 32

Structure of platyhelminthes

Answer 32

Mesoderm importance for a muscular mesenchyme for structural support and diverse locomotion.

Question 33

Why are platyhelminthes found in water habitats?

Answer 33

Lack of circulatory system means gas exchange is moisture dependent based on body-wall diffusion.

Question 34

Two classes of mollusc?

Answer 34

Gastropoda and bivalves.

Question 35

Molluscs

Answer 35

Bilateral coelomate protostomes

Question 36

Coelomates

Answer 36

Means lacking a true abdominal cavity, with instead a coelom body cavity lined with a peritoneum

Question 37

Structure of coelom in molluscs..

Answer 37

Vestiges around various organs like the nephridia, pericardial chamber and perivascular chamber

Question 38

Three parts of mollusc...

Answer 38

Head, foot and visceral mass

Question 39

What organisses th mollusc body plan?

Answer 39

The epidermal mantle lining

Question 40

Mantle cavity

Answer 40

This seperates the mantle and the visceral mass, home to the ctenidia and osphradia.

Question 41

Gastropods

Answer 41

Univalve shells and a radula with an odonotphore used for feeding

Question 42

Bivalves

Answer 42

Have two half shells with enlarged gilsl with cilitated filaments they filter feed with.

Question 43

Crustaceans

Answer 43

Segmented into a head, thorax and abdomen

Question 44

Limbs of crustacea...

Answer 44

Thorax has 5+ pairs of jointed legs whilst head has two pairs of antennae

Question 45

Two prominent fish-water inhabitats?

Answer 45

Amphipoda and Isopoda