OCD Flashcards
Osteochondrosis definition
Process of abnormal bone and cartilage formation.
Osteochondritis dissecans definition
Lesions that penetrate the joint surface, creating inflam and effusion
Endochondral ossification:
a) (longitudinal/transverse) bone growth.
b) Function?
a) longitudinal
b) subchondral bone support of joint surface
Bone Formation:
Chondrocytes form ______ in the _____ zone.
calcified columns
hypertrophic zone
Primary spongiosa is formed by……
osteoblast using calcified columns
OCD Pathophysiology:
- Failure of……
- Leads to……
- End Result: _______-
- Consequences:
a)
b)
c)
d)
- Failure of blood vessels to penetrate the calcified cartilage
- Occlusion of canals (vessels)
- Epiphyseal necrosis
4: a) Mechanical Shearing
b) Stress concentration
c) Blunt trauma
d) Repeated damage
Failure of blood vessels to penetrate calcified cartilage:
- Leads to persistence of ____ —> _____
- Leads to formation of cysts –> _____
- Leads to formation of fissures —> _____
- cartilage –> chondrocyte clones (small cell clusters)
- Necrosis of deeper layer cartilage
- Flap formation
2 common age ranges to develop cartilage defects:
1.
2.
- Birth — 5 months old
2. > 1 year
Pathophysiology of cartilage defects at young age:
- (thin/thick) cartilage?
- ____-like changes
- _____ of cartilage
- _____ cartilage does not undergo _____
- ____s develop in pathological cartilage
- thickened
- cyst-like
- degeneration
- uncalcified cartilage does not undergo vascularization
- cracks
Pathophysiology of cartilage defects at adult age ( > 1 year)
1.
2.
3.
4.
- Subchondral fibrosis
- fibrocartilage covers the defect
- sclerosis of subchondral bone
- osteophyte formation
All of the cartilage defects of adult age animals (subchondral fibrosis, fibrocartilage, sclerosis, osteophte formation) contribute to what disease?
Degenerative Osteoarthritis
Broad Etiologies of OA
1.
2.
3.
- genetics
- nutrition
- trauma
Genetic etiology of OA
- A _____ trait.
- In animals with ____ growth potential
- Male:Female?
- Heritable
- Inherent rapid growth potential
- 2:1
Nutrition etiology of OA
- decreased ___ : increased ___ in diet
- Trace minerals: Excess ____ or deficient in ___
- Vitamins?
- Protein?
- Calories?
- Calcium: Phosphorus
- zinc, copper
- Vit A and D Deficiency
- High protein diet
- High caloric intake
Clinical Signs of OA:
- Onset?
- Lameness: (slight/moderate/severe)
- Decreased range of motion is (slight/moderate/severe)
- Pain on manipulation is (slight/moderate/severe)
- ____ effusion.
- (unilateral/bilateral)
- insidious to accute
- slight
- slight
- slight
- synovial
- often bilateral (contalateral silent)