OCD Flashcards

1
Q

Osteochondrosis definition

A

Process of abnormal bone and cartilage formation.

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2
Q

Osteochondritis dissecans definition

A

Lesions that penetrate the joint surface, creating inflam and effusion

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3
Q

Endochondral ossification:

a) (longitudinal/transverse) bone growth.
b) Function?

A

a) longitudinal

b) subchondral bone support of joint surface

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4
Q

Bone Formation:

Chondrocytes form ______ in the _____ zone.

A

calcified columns

hypertrophic zone

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5
Q

Primary spongiosa is formed by……

A

osteoblast using calcified columns

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6
Q

OCD Pathophysiology:

  1. Failure of……
  2. Leads to……
  3. End Result: _______-
  4. Consequences:
    a)
    b)
    c)
    d)
A
  1. Failure of blood vessels to penetrate the calcified cartilage
  2. Occlusion of canals (vessels)
  3. Epiphyseal necrosis
    4: a) Mechanical Shearing
    b) Stress concentration
    c) Blunt trauma
    d) Repeated damage
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7
Q

Failure of blood vessels to penetrate calcified cartilage:

  1. Leads to persistence of ____ —> _____
  2. Leads to formation of cysts –> _____
  3. Leads to formation of fissures —> _____
A
  1. cartilage –> chondrocyte clones (small cell clusters)
  2. Necrosis of deeper layer cartilage
  3. Flap formation
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8
Q

2 common age ranges to develop cartilage defects:

1.
2.

A
  1. Birth — 5 months old

2. > 1 year

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9
Q

Pathophysiology of cartilage defects at young age:

  1. (thin/thick) cartilage?
  2. ____-like changes
  3. _____ of cartilage
  4. _____ cartilage does not undergo _____
  5. ____s develop in pathological cartilage
A
  1. thickened
  2. cyst-like
  3. degeneration
  4. uncalcified cartilage does not undergo vascularization
  5. cracks
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10
Q

Pathophysiology of cartilage defects at adult age ( > 1 year)

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Subchondral fibrosis
  2. fibrocartilage covers the defect
  3. sclerosis of subchondral bone
  4. osteophyte formation
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11
Q

All of the cartilage defects of adult age animals (subchondral fibrosis, fibrocartilage, sclerosis, osteophte formation) contribute to what disease?

A

Degenerative Osteoarthritis

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12
Q

Broad Etiologies of OA

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. genetics
  2. nutrition
  3. trauma
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13
Q

Genetic etiology of OA

  1. A _____ trait.
  2. In animals with ____ growth potential
  3. Male:Female?
A
  1. Heritable
  2. Inherent rapid growth potential
  3. 2:1
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14
Q

Nutrition etiology of OA

  1. decreased ___ : increased ___ in diet
  2. Trace minerals: Excess ____ or deficient in ___
  3. Vitamins?
  4. Protein?
  5. Calories?
A
  1. Calcium: Phosphorus
  2. zinc, copper
  3. Vit A and D Deficiency
  4. High protein diet
  5. High caloric intake
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15
Q

Clinical Signs of OA:

  1. Onset?
  2. Lameness: (slight/moderate/severe)
  3. Decreased range of motion is (slight/moderate/severe)
  4. Pain on manipulation is (slight/moderate/severe)
  5. ____ effusion.
  6. (unilateral/bilateral)
A
  1. insidious to accute
  2. slight
  3. slight
  4. slight
  5. synovial
  6. often bilateral (contalateral silent)
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16
Q

Way to Diagnosis OA:

1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. Radiology
  2. Szintigraphy (scintography?)
  3. Arthroscopy
  4. MRI
17
Q
Sites of Equine OA: 
1
2
3
4
5
A
  1. Tibiotarsal joint (hock)
  2. Stifle
  3. Fetlock
  4. Cervical vertebrae
  5. Shoulder
18
Q

Possible areas of OA in the equine tibiotarsal joint

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A
  1. Distal intermediate ridge of the tibia
  2. Lateral trochlear ridge
  3. Medial trochlear ridge
  4. Medial malleolus
  5. Lateral malleolus
19
Q

Sites of OA in the equine stifle

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Lateral trochlear ridge
  2. Medial trochlear ridge
  3. Medial femoral condyle (cysts)
20
Q

Sites of OA in the equine fetlock joint:

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Sagittal ridge of MC III
  2. Caudal (palmar/plantar) eminence of P1
  3. P1 or MC III cyst
21
Q

Broad Treatment of OA:

1.
2.
3. ________: a) b)

A
  1. Rest
  2. Intra-articular meds
  3. Surgery: a) Arthrotomy b) Arthroscopy
22
Q

Broad types of Medications given IA to treat OA:

1.
2.

A
  1. Joint supplements

2. Chondroprotective agents

23
Q

Goals of Joint Therapy:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A
  1. Decrease joint inflam
  2. Decrease cartilage degradation
  3. Decrease pain
  4. Maintain/improve athletic performance
  5. Promote longevity
  6. Improve quality of life
24
Q

Chondroprotective agents given to treat OA:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5
.
A
  1. Glucosamine
  2. Chondroitin sulfate
  3. HA
  4. PSGAGs
  5. Anti-inflam drugs like NSAIDs or glucocorticoids
25
Q

Two ways to give corticosteroids for treatment of OA:

1.
2.

A
  1. Systemic

2. IA

26
Q

Advanced surgical options for treatment of OA:

  1. _________ via :a )
    b)
    c)
A
  1. Cartilage resurfacing
    a) osteochondral dowel grafts
    b) autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT)
    c) gene therapy