OCD Flashcards
What are the 5 related obsessive-compulsive related disorders?
- OCD
- Hoarding disorder
- Body Dysmorphic Disorder
- Trichotillomania; hair pulling
- Excoriation Disorder; skin picking
What are the two neurodevelopmental disorders?
Tic Disorders
- Tourette’s Disorder
- Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder
Define obsession and its two forms.
recurrent and disturbing thought
- intrusive thoughts
- unwanted impulses
Define compulsion
a repetitive/ritualized behavior that the person feels driven to do
Compulsions are usually preceded by ____
obsessions
The majority/minority of people with OCD have both/obsessions only/compulsions only.
majority; both
__% of people with OCD have obsessions.
20
__% of people with OCD have compulsions.
10
What is the hallmark of OCD?
What does this increase?
that people recognize that their thoughts or behaviors are irrational or excessive = increase in anxiety/distress
What are the 2 common obsessive coping mechanisms of OCD 2 common features?
Behaviors
1. excessive use of alcohol or sedative or anxiolytic medications ex: valium, xanax
2. avoidance behaviors ex: staying home, avoid triggers
Features
1. mild cases may be successful in life due to their overly conscientiousness and perfectionism
2. obsessions may not be as obvious as compulsions
What are 5 common features of obsessions?
- concerns with contamination
- safety/harm
ex: being responsible for a fire - unwanted acts of aggression
ex: unwanted impulse of harming a loved one - unacceptable and intrusive sexual or religious thoughts
- need for symmetry or exactness
What are 5 common features of compulsions?
- excessive cleaning
ex: washing hands too much - checking, ordering, and arranging rituals
- counting
- repeating routine activities
- unobservable mental rituals
ex: silently recitation of nonsense words to vanquish a
horrific image
What is intolerance of uncertainty?
the tendency to interpret vague info as threatening
-one induces exacerbating physiological arousal
ex: worry, doubt, obsessions
In what 5 disorders is intolerance of uncertainty implicated?
- OCD
- Hoarding
- Panic disorder
- GAD
- Social Anxiety
What is the prevalence of OCD in US adults?
12 months = 1%
severe cases = 50.6%; or .5% of the 1%
What is the prevalence of OCD in females vs males? & males vs females?
Females have a slightly higher rate in adulthood
Males are more common affected in childhood; nearly 25% start before 10
What is the mean age of onset for OCD?
___% of cases start at 14.
After ___ years old is unusual for an onset.
19.5
25
35
Which brain mechanisms have elevated activity in OCD patients?
- frontal lobe
- basal ganglia
OCD can be inherited in __% of cases.
Especially higher rates in ____-_____ relatives.
80
first-degree
PANDAS is diagnosed after what event?
Most likely at what age range?
OCD and/or Tic disorders appear after strep throat or scarlet fever
4-9 yrs old
What is the main difference between psychotic disorders and OCD?
OCD patients have insight that their thoughts are not real
What is a Tic?
a sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization
What is a stereotyped movement?
repetitive, seemingly driven, nonfunctional motor behavior
ex: head banging, body rocking, self-biting
Tics are usually preceded by_
premonitory sensory urges
Up to __% of individuals with OCD have a
lifetime tic disorder.
30
Tic disorder is most common in males or females? & is the onset occurs in ___?
males; childhood
What are two types of tics?
simple and complex
What are some simple tics?
motor: eye blink, head jerk, face twitch
verbal: throat clearing, barking/growling, snorting, hissing, utterances
What are some complex tics?
Motor: head banging, tapping, jumping
Echopraxia (copying others’ movements): 30-60%
Copropraxia (obscene gestures): 1-6%
Verbal
Echolalia (copying others’ words): 30-60%
Coprolalia (obscene words): 8-15%
Palilalia (repeating own words): 30-60%
What is criteria A for Tourettes?
think # of tics
have multiple motor and 1 or more verbal tics
What is criteria B for Tourettes?
think duration
tics come and go but have persisted for more than 1 year
What is criteria C for Tourettes?
think onset age
onset is before 18
What is the prevalence of Tourette’s in the population?
What is the ratio M to F?
Lifelong prevalence can include __________?
.5-1%
3 to 1
periods of remission
What is the average age of Tourette’s onset __? But can be seen as young as __.
7; 2
What are 5 comorbidities to Tourettes?
- OCD
- ADHD 50% - highest comorbidity
- Learning disabilities
- Anxiety
- Depression
