Anxiety Disorders Flashcards
Responses to stress are ______ to our ______ as they allow us to maintain the internal
equilibrium necessary for optimal function
indispensable; survival
Why is anxiety a healthy response?
- survival
- restructure thoughts and learn to control anxiety
there is a peak performance between low and high stress
Anxiety disorders are ______ ________
than any other form of mental disorders
more common
______ comorbidity among different anxiety disorders.
________ comorbidity between anxiety & depression
High; highest
Which autonomic system is for fight or flight responses?
sympathetic nervous system
Which hormones are secreted in the HPA axis?
adrenaline; cortisol
Which hormone is behind stress?
cortisol
What is a panic attack?
How many Sx are needed for Dx?
From which states can it occur?
an abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort
4 or more Sx
Any state: calm - anxious
Is it comorbid with other MHD?
Yes
Panic attacks with ____ Sx severity are associated with _____ rates of _____ & _____ Tx response.
greater; higher; suicidality; worse
What are the 13 Sx?
- Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate.
- Sweating.
- Trembling or shaking.
- Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering.
- Feelings of choking.
- Chest pain or discomfort.
- Nausea or abdominal distress.
- Feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed, or faint.
- Chills or heat sensations.
- Paresthesias (numbness or tingling sensations).
- Derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached
from oneself). - Fear of losing control or “going crazy.”
- Fear of dying.
What is the Panic model?
Trigger - Perceived threat - Anxiety - Sx - Misinterpretation- back to anxiety
How you ______ (_______) affects how ___ the panic is and how ____
it lasts.
think; cognitions; bad; long
Important aspects of panic
No matter how bad it feels, panic attacks cannot actually harm you or make you go
mad.
Cannot last for long periods of time, pass after a while.
Avoiding situations in which panic attacks occur, worsens Sx over time and
life becomes more restricted.
Remind yourself that you are not going to die, go
mad or lose control. Try to let the panic attack wash over you, without fighting it - just
wait for it to subside by itself.
Panic Disorder is _______ and _______ panic attacks. Followed by at least ____ ______ of persistent concern of having another attack.
recurrent; unexpected; one month
In Panic disorder patients exhibit….
- fear of having attacks
- significant behavioral change related to attacks
Agoraphobia is anxious apprehension about being in places or situations that one cannot ____ because 1), 2)
escape
- might be difficult or embarrassing
- if they have a panic attack they might not get help
What are 5 examples of agoraphobia?
being in a crowd
going outside
standing in line
open spaces
enclosed spaces
T/F panic attacks are highly prevalent with agoraphobia?
True
T/F Agoraphobia is co-morbid with Panic disorder.
True
What is social anxiety disorder?
MARKED fear or anxiety about one or more social situations when one could be evaluated by others
Which emotions are they fearing if they show their anxiety?
humiliation or embarrassment
could be rejected or offend others
Social situations almost always provoke ____ or _____. Social situations are _____ or endured with intense _____ or ______.
fear and anxiety
avoided; fear or anxiety
T/F The fear or anxiety is not out of proportion to the actual threat posed by the social situation and to the sociocultural context.
False
How long does fear, anxiety or persistent avoidance last?
6 or more months
Gender presents similarly in anxiety disorders.
False; more prevalent in Females
What is intolerance of uncertainty?
What are the Sx?
More likely to interpret ambiguous information as threatening
Exacerbate physical arousal & facilitate self-cycles of fear
In which disorders if IU implicated?
OCD
Hoarding
Panic Disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder
Social anxiety
