Occupational Theory

Question 1

Wearing 1999

Answer 1

Types of power (can merge)

Political power- held by politicians, police etc

Personal power- holding power was result of your occupation role

Social group power- hold power as result of social varieties such as class gender and age

Question 2

Fairclough- power

Answer 2

Power in discourse- power gained via language

Power behind discourse- focused on the organisation of institutions/social and ideological reasons behind the enactment of power

In many conversations there a degree of power asymmetry. These power relationships give rise to what may be termed unequal encounters; one speaker is seen as the powerful participant and others less powerful

Question 3

John Suales

Answer 3

In hierarchy’s we form discourse communities

ie everyone is “singing off the same hymn sheet”

Question 4

Hornyak

Answer 4

Compliments flow down the hierarchy in institutions- comes from people with more positional power

MERIT- positive face, encourages work etc

Question 5

Drew + Heritage

Answer 5

Institutional talk:

Goal Orientation 
Turn taking rules or restrictions 
Allowable contributions
Professional lexis 
Structure 
Asymmetry

Question 6

Howard gile’s accommodation theory

Answer 6

Convergence and divergence

Question 7

Yule (2004)

Speech communities

Answer 7

“Speech is a form of social identity and is used consciously to indicate membership of different social groups”

Question 8

Zdenek and Salzmann (2004)

Speech communities

Answer 8

“Need to share: pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and manner of speaking to belong to the same speech community”

Want to be as one

Question 9

Hewings and Hewings (2005)

Discourse communities

Answer 9

“Groups of people who share particular registers and use the kinds of text in which these registers occur”

Question 10

John Swales (1990) 
Discourse communities

Answer 10

“Groups that have goal purposes and use communication to achieve their goals”