Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

English Language > AO1 Key Terms (Paper 1, 2, 5 and possibly 6) > Flashcards

AO1 Key Terms (Paper 1, 2, 5 and possibly 6) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

Deixis

A

Context-bound words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HypOnyms

A

Words included in a larger, more general category eg the hyponyms car, aeroplane as a from of the hypernym transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

HypERnyms

A

Words that label categories eg animal, this category including cat, dog etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antonyms

A

Words that have a contrasting meaning eg boy vs girls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Synonyms

A

Words that have a similar meaning eg anger, fury, irate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Denotative

A

The literal meaning of a word, not including the feelings and ideas connected with that word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Connotative

A

Associated meanings with a word

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Taboo

A

Restricting the use of words or other parts of language due to social constraints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Colloquialisms

A

A word or phrase that is not formal or literary and is used in ordinary or familiar conversation eg aint, gonna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Slang

A

Consists of words that are non-standard in a given language and is generally spoken to show inclusion in a certain social group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Standard English

A

The form of the English language widely accepted as the usual correct form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neology

A

New word formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blending

A

Mixing words to form new ones eg mansplane, glamping, spork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acronyms

A

An abbreviation formed from the initial letters of other words and pronounced as a word eg NASA, BTW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Compounds

A

The process of combining two words (free morphemes) to create a new word (commonly a noun, verb, or adjective) eg sunflower, ice-cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Example of a closed compound

A

Sunflower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Example of an open compound

A

Ice cream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Eponyms

A

Is a person or a thing, whether real or fictional, after which a specific discovery, place or era is named eg America, Boycott

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Initialism

A

Is a word made from the first letters of each word in a phrase. Unlike acronyms, initialisms cannot be spoken as words: they are spoken letter by letter eg DVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Occupational register

A

Vocabulary associated with a particular occupational register

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sociolect

A

Language associated with a particular social group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Dialect

A

Language associated with a particular geographical region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Semantic change

A

The process of words changing meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Amelioration

A

Is the upgrading or elevation of a word’s meaning, as when a word with a negative sense develops a positive one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pejoration

A

A word acquires unfavourable connotations eg Liquor (liquid> alchololic drink)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Broadening

A

The meaning of a word becomes broader or more inclusive than its earlier meaning eg business

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Narrowing

A

The meaning of a word becomes less general or inclusive than its earlier meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Semantic field

A

Grouping of words with similar meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Narrative thread

A

Something a text keeps returning to throughout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Simile

A

The comparison of one thing with another thing eg “like” “as”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Metaphor

A

A phrase used to describe something as if it was something else- not a comparison

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Hyperbole

A

Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Personification

A

The attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something non-human

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Onomatopoeia

A

Words evoke the actual sound of the thing they refer to or describe eg “boom” of a firework exploding, “tick tock” of a clock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Symbolism

A

Be they words, people, marks, locations, or abstract ideas to represent something beyond the literal meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Alliteration

A

The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Epiphora

A

The repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses eg I want pizza, he wants pizza, we all want pizza!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Anaphora

A

Words repeat at the beginning of successive clauses, phrases, or sentences eg I have a dream speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Implicature

A

Something suggested or implied via an utterance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Irony

A

The contrast between expectations and reality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Cathartic

A

Emotional relief for an audience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Ideology

A

A system of ideas shared by a group of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Vernacular

A

Used to describe a local language/dialect

44
Q

Rapport

A

Relationship

45
Q

Speech acts

A

An utterance that serves a function in communication. We perform speech acts when we offer an apology, greeting, request, complaint, invitation, compliment, or refusal.

46
Q

Asyndedic listing

A

Words joined via commas, not conjunctions

47
Q

Intertextuality

A

The shaping of a text’s meaning by another text- a reference to winder things are made

48
Q

Communicative competency

A

To know and follow the rules of conversation

49
Q

Positive face

A

Defined as the individual desire of a person that his/ her personality is appreciated by others

50
Q

Threats to negative face

A

When an individual does not avoid or intend to avoid the obstruction of their interlocutor’s freedom of action.

51
Q

Repertoire

A

The vocabulary we use due to life experiences

52
Q

Declarative sentence

A

State an idea

53
Q

Exclamatory sentence

A

Show strong emotions

54
Q

Anaphoric referencing

A

Making references back to something previously identified in a text

55
Q

Exospheric referencing

A

Making references to things beyond the language of the text itself

56
Q

Italicisation

A

Adds stress onto words

57
Q

Rhetorical question

A

A question asked in order to create a dramatic effect or to make a point rather than to get an answer

58
Q

Repetition

A

Repeating something that has already been said/written

59
Q

Concrete noun

A

A concrete noun is a noun which refers to people and to things that exist physically and can be seen, touched, smelled, heard, or tasted. Examples include dog, building, coffee, tree, rain, beach, tune.

60
Q

Proper noun

A

Identifies a particular person, place, or thing, e.g. Steven, Africa, London, Monday

61
Q

Abstract noun

A

An abstract noun is a noun which refers to ideas, qualities, and conditions - things that cannot be seen or touched and things which have no physical reality, e.g. truth, danger, happiness, time, friendship, humour.

62
Q

Personal pronoun

A

Take the place of people or things. They can be either singular or plural, depending whether they refer to one or multiple nouns. Examples include I, me, we, and us.

63
Q

Possessive pronoun

A

Personal pronouns that also indicate possession of something. These pronouns often appear before the possessed item, but not always. For example, both “my car” and “the car is mine” both indicate who owns the car.

64
Q

Interrogative pronoun

A

Begin questions. For example, in “Who are you?”, the interrogative pronoun who starts the question.

65
Q

Collective pronoun

A

Refer to groups of people or things, e.g. audience, family, government, team, jury.

66
Q

Pronoun

A

Is any member of a small class of words found in many languages that are used as replacements or substitutes for nouns and noun phrases, and that have very general reference, such as I, you, he, this, it, who, what.

67
Q

Pronoun

A

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. Examples: he, she, it, they, someone

68
Q

Noun

A

Is a part of speech that names a person, place, thing, idea, action or quality.

69
Q

Adjective

A

“Describes” or “modifies” a noun eg the big dog was hungry

70
Q

Pre and post modifying adjectives

A

Appear before and after a noun to describe it

71
Q

Verb- dynamic and stative

A

Words that show action or state of being

72
Q

Adverb

A

An adverb is a word that modifies (describes) a verb (he sings loudly)

73
Q

Adverb

A

An adverb is a word that modifies (describes) a verb eg he sings loudly

74
Q

Determiner

A

Is a word placed in front of a noun to specify quantity (e.g., “one dog,” “many dogs”) or to clarify what the noun refers to (e.g., “my dog,” “that dog,” “the dog”).

75
Q

Preposition

A

A preposition is a word or group of words used before a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase to show direction, time, place, location, spatial relationships, or to introduce an object eg “in,” “at,” “on,” “of,” and “to.”

76
Q

Conjunction

A

A word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause (e.g. and, but, if ).

77
Q

Preposition of direction example

A

Across, up, down, under, beside

78
Q

Preposition of time example

A

At dinnertime, non, lunchtime, tomorrow

79
Q

Preposition of place example

A

At the bus stop, door, school

80
Q

Preposition of location example

A

At, behind, bellow, beside, next to

81
Q

Head words

A

Determines the category of that phrase

82
Q

Pathetic fallacy

A

Natural world is created as having human emotions

83
Q

Euphemistic talk

A

A polite expression used in place of negative words

84
Q

Simple sentence

A

A simple sentence contains a subject and a verb. It expresses a single complete thought that can stand on its own eg the baby cried for food, Professor Maple’s intelligent students completed and turned in their homework.

85
Q

Compound sentence

A

Has two independent clauses (contains two simple sentences) . An independent clause is a part of a
sentence that can stand alone because it contains a subject and a verb eg The shoplifter had stolen clothes, so he ran once he saw the police.

86
Q

Complex sentence

A

Is an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A dependent clause either lacks a subject or a verb or has both a subject and a verb does
not express a complete thought eg After eating lunch at The Cheesecake Factory, Tim went to the gym to exercise

87
Q

Minor sentence

A

Is one that does not necessarily have a main verb in it, but which can be understood as a complete unit of meaning
eg What time are you leaving?’. ‘Three.’. Here, Three is a minor sentence; it has no verb, but the listener will understand that the person means I am leaving at three o’clock

88
Q

Quantifier

A

A word that usually goes before a noun to express the quantity of the object; for example, a little milk- can describe small or large quantities

89
Q

Discourse markers/cohesive features

A

Are words or phrases like anyway, right, okay, as I say, to begin with. We use them to connect, organise and manage what we say or write or to express attitude

90
Q

Prescriptivism

A

The way language “should” be used
Should be proper english
Conservative ie old fashioned

91
Q

Descriptivism

A

The way language is used
Adaptive
Evolution

92
Q

Subject specific lexis

A

A group of words drawn from a particular area of experience e.g jargon.

93
Q

Accommodation

A

The process by which participants in a conversation adjust their accent, diction, or other aspects of language according to the speech style of the other participant.

94
Q

Transactional utterance

A

Utterance that serves to get something done

95
Q

Referential utterance

A

Provides information

96
Q

Directive utterance

A

Directs an action

97
Q

Phatic utterance

A

“small talk”

98
Q

Adverbs of manner

A

Express how something happens eg quickly, terribly, fast, slow, well

99
Q

Adverbs of time

A

They tell us when the verb happened or will happen. For example, “afterward”, “every day” and “recently’

100
Q

Adverbs of degree

A

They usually modify other verbs, adjectives, or adverbs making them stronger or weaker. eg very, almost, extremly

101
Q

Adverbs of frequency

A

Express “how often” something takes place eg never, occasionally, often

102
Q

Upward divergence

A

Occurs when speakers emphasize the standard features of their speech

103
Q

Downward divergence

A

Occurs when speakers emphasize the nonstandard features of their speech

104
Q

Adverbs of degree

A

They usually modify other verbs, adjectives, or adverbs making them stronger or weaker. eg very, almost, extremy

105
Q

Interactional

A

The language we use to build and maintain relationships

106
Q

Transactional

A

Normally carries a message and is the language used to get things done

English Language (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions