Key terms for gender (Paper 4) Flashcards
Code switching
Adapting lang to audience and purpose
Repertoire
The vocab we use due to life experiences
Accent levelling
Neutralise accent + dialect
Communicative Competency
To know and follow the rules of conversation
Semantic-non equivalents
Implies gap between men and women
Marked form
Denotes gender terms ie policeman
Unmarked form
Gender neutral term
Context of production and reception
When it’s made vs when it’s received
Solidarity
Mutual support within a group
Covert prestige
We use and sustain language in a smaller group to maintain rapport between
Overt prestige
We use and adapt language to a larger group to sustain positive face
Accent level more
Autonomy
Power/equality
Declarative talk
Sentences used to convey info or statements
Referential talk
Gets answers
References people, place for answers
Ed “Where’s the post office?”
Blending
Mixing words to form new ones eg mansplane
Synthetic personalisation
Company’s/ brands/ people make you believe you have a rapport
Phallocentric
Language that is seen to privilege men
Back channelling
Supportive noises eg hmm
Fillers
Thinking time. Helps us feel valued eg um er
Hedges
Suggests element of hesitancy eg “do you think?”
Adjacency pairs
Question and response
Overlaps
Talking over someone. Breaks politeness rule
Jargon
Complex lang relating to a specific field. Difficult words. Used amongst institutions for broviy
Brovity
Short, concise, straight to point to
Tag question
Attaching a question to a statement to maintain conversation and politeness rule
Closed language
Idea of shared language and knowledge within a smaller group
Sociolect
A shared group language of a particular social class
Idiolect
System of belief
Topic shift, markers and loops
Change topic marker
Topic is set by speaker
Go back to marker- original conversation
Synthetic sisterhood
Girls are believed into “we are all in this together”
Intertextual reference
References to wider things are made
Mitigated imperatives
A negative face threatening act
Discourse community
A group of people working together with a goal
Deixis
Language not understood without context
Deletion
Removal of letters and intentionally misspelling them eg u, k
Blending
Mixture of words
Idioms
Phrases within sociolect we understand eg “over the moon”
Repetition of letters
eg ooooo or ahhhh
Speech communities
A group of people who use the same variety of language and who share specific rules for speaking and interpretating speech
Power asymmetry
Language is used to assert and respect power in that workplace
Positive face threatening acts
Any act that may make the receiver not feel valued/ a valued contributor to discussion
eg “that’s a rubbish idea”
Negative face threatening acts
When you are imposed union usually through an imperative
eg “Pass me the file”
Subject specific lexis
Topic and context related language specific to a field
Descriptive
The way language is used
Adaptive
Evolution
Prescriptive
The way language “should” be used
Should be proper english
Conservative ie old fashioned
Polari
Secret gay language
Euphemistic talk
ie polari
Unequal encounter
One speaker is seen as a powerful participant and the others are less powerful
Deltymes
Communicative competency- you can communicate the rules, you know what to do, make valuable contributions
Mitigated Imperatives
A negative face threatening act
Social register
Refers to specific lexical and grammatical choices as made by speakers depending on the social situational context like formality level , the participants relation and distance of a conversation and the function of the language in the discourse.
High register
more formal, more elaborated language.
Low register
someone who did not speak according to the accepted norm
Register
refers to the style of the language you use
