Gender Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

Robyn Lakoff 1975

A

Under the defect model he stated that:

Women are inherently weaker in language than men

Assumption of non-equivalents

Context changes all the time ie outdated

Published a set of ASSUMPTIONS

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2
Q

Spender

A

States than male language is better and is the norm because we live in a patriarchal society where men are seen as in charge

Reflects the hang ups of a very patriarchal rule

Links to mont gomery and male privilege

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3
Q

Jane Pikington 1992

A

Stated that women in sake sex talk are more collaborative than men in male talk

Aim for more positive politeness strategies but men are less complimentary and supportive in male talk

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4
Q

Kenradd Kuiper 1991

A

Men are less likely to pay attention to the need to save positive face and use insults as a was of expressing solidarity

High masculine performance- toxic

Taps more into inherent ideology of men insulting more + gender performativity

Limited data

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5
Q

Howard Giles- Accommodation theory

A

Convergence: closer to context- change lang to fit in

Divergence: identity- move lang further away

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6
Q

Beattie

A

Studied 96 hours of mixed gender conversation

Finds LITTLE difference

Included a much wider social spectrum= more merit

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7
Q

Jenny Cheshire

A

Studied language in a group of boys in a playground context ie socialisation

Boys used non-standard forms more often than girls

Suggests boys are more competitive social networks

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8
Q

Deborah Jones 1990

A

Studied woman’s oral culture and categorises them in these ways:

House talk
Scandal
Bitching
Chatting

An assumption only women do this

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9
Q

Tanner- difference theory

A

Examined difference in cross cultural communication

Independence vs intimacy 
Advice vs understanding 
Status vs support 
Info vs feelings 
Orders vs proposals 
Conflict vs compromise 

Nutshell: men and women are socialised differently

Some MERIT: context of production and reception

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10
Q

Janet Holmes 1992

A

Suggests tag questions may not suggests uncertainty, but may maintain a discussion to be polite

‘Hedges’ and ‘fillers’ may act as a politeness boosting device

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11
Q

Mint Gomery

A

“The english language is systematically skewed to present women as 2nd class citizens”

ie lang privileges men- not a one fit all system

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12
Q

Mulvey- male gaze

A

Women are over sexualised objects of male desire

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13
Q

Lakoff’s politeness principle

A

Rules that should be used in conversations to ensure it is cooperative and successful

Don’t impose
Make receiver feel good
Give opinions
*positive face

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14
Q

Zimmerman and West- dominance theory

A

Upon a study of mixed gender interactions, 96% of interruptions were men and 4% were women (weaker gender)

LIMITED data set
Just focuses on white middle class men 

11 small segments of convo

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15
Q

Fish man- defect model

A

Stated that men speak twice and much as women in mixed sex conversation

“Conversational shitwork” ie women work hardest to maintain convo- feel pressure

Inherent socialisation
Men will break positive face and politeness rule

Some MERIT

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