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OCCUPATION TO DIVISION Flashcards

1
Q

How many Germans fled?

A

12 million

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2
Q

__% of housing destroyed

A

20%

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3
Q

Problems by 1945 (3)

A

Population displacement
Urban destruction/ food shortages
Economic

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4
Q

Economic issues in Germany by 1945

A

Industrial capacity declined dramatically

Inflation, black market

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5
Q

Yalta agreement

A

Decided that Germany would be divided into four zones

ACC set up

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6
Q

At which conference was the decision to split Germany made?

A

Yalta, Feb 1945

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7
Q

Potsdam agreement

A

4D’s

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8
Q

4D’s

A

De-Nazification
Democratisation
Demilitarisation
Decentralisation

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9
Q

Issues remaining after the post war conferences (3)

A

Ideology
Security
Economy

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10
Q

How did the Allies deal with the Nazi legacy?

A

Nuremburg Trials

Denazification

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11
Q

Denazification in the Western zones (4)

A

Nazi party declared illegal
Ex-NSDAP members banned from leading positions
Questionnaires
Forced to visit concentration camps

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12
Q

Problems with de-Nazification in the Western zones (2)

A

Shortage of skilled labour

Difficult to find experts who had not been involved in Nazism

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13
Q

Denazification in the US zone

A

Most harsh- wanted to purge German society of evil

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14
Q

Denazification in the British zone

A

Not so harsh- questionnaires not pursued so throughly

Ex-Party members soon allowed to return to their positions

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15
Q

Denazification in the French zone

A

Primarily focused on security from the Soviets

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16
Q

Denazification in the Soviet zone

A

Blamed capitalism
By 1948. 450,000 Nazi lawyers and teachers dismissed
Used as more of a tool for getting rid of opposition

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17
Q

Decentralisation

A

Prussia dissolved as a part of decentralisation- symbol of militarism, nationalism and power politics

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18
Q

Why was Prussia dissolved?

A

As a part of decentralisation- symbol of militarism, nationalism and power politics

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19
Q

Decentralisation in the Soviet zone (2)

A

Created 5 Länder by 1945

Established a range of centralised authorities eg transport, housing etc

20
Q

Decentralisation under the US zone

A

Strongest supporters of decentralisation

May 1946 held first federal state elections

21
Q

Decentralisation in the British zone

A

Preferred to limit German authority and power- did not trust
Started to decentralise more later on
May 1947 elections for federal state parliament were held

22
Q

Decentralisation in the French zone

A

Did not support
Wanted Germany dismembered for its own security and financial interests
Was not until March 1947 that Länder elections were held

23
Q

Problems with democratisation

A

Older Germans associated democracy with the Weimar system

Ex-Nazi mayor elected

24
Q

Aims of Ulbricht (3)

A

Destroy the remnants of Nazism
To create a party under the KPD
Occupy key power positions

25
Q

‘It has to appear democratic…

A

‘… but we keep everything under our control

26
Q

How did the Soviets merge the parties together?

A

The Block of Anti-Facist parties- harassed into joining

United front

27
Q

Creation of the SED

A

1945 Soviets merged the KPD and SPD to form the SED (through pressure and harassment from SMAD)

28
Q

__% of the SPD were against the merger

29
Q

Advantages the Soviet zone had (2)

A

Less war damaged

Industrial areas like Saxony and Thuringia

30
Q

Disadvantages the Soviet zone had (2)

A

Lacked raw materials

Starvation

31
Q

Soviet nationalisation of industry

A

1400 industrial plants literally sent over to Russia

61% of industry was nationalised

32
Q

__% of industry was nationalised

33
Q

Problems in the Western zones

A

Harsh winters
Had to pay for food, heating and medical services
Was worst damaged and densely populated

34
Q

Almost / of housing in Western sectors destroyed

35
Q

Food problems in the Western zones

A

1947 famine

700-1200 cals per day

36
Q

Concern about Soviet threat

A

Churchill’s Iron Curtain speech

37
Q

When was Bizonia introduced?

38
Q

Why was Bizonia significant?

A

Economically united British and American zones, isolated Soviets

39
Q

When was the Truman Doctrine?

A

March 1947

40
Q

When was the Marshall Plan?

A

5 June 1947

41
Q

How much did Marshall Aid give to Germany?

A

$1.5 billion

42
Q

Why was Germany divided? (3)

A

Berlin Crisis
Soviet ideology and aggression
US expansionist policy

43
Q

Berlin Crisis 1948-49

A

Currency reform

Blockade and airlift

44
Q

Soviet ideology and aggression to blame?

A

Stalin’s aggressive and expansionist foreign policy may have posed threat to the West

45
Q

US economic and military expansion to blame?

A

USSR can be seen to be defending/ reacting to

H2 (10 decks)

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