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H2 > GOLDEN YEARS 1924-29 > Flashcards

GOLDEN YEARS 1924-29 Flashcards

1
Q

Arguments for political stability during GY’s

A

No uprisings

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2
Q

Arguments against political stability during GY’s

A

Decline in liberals
6 coalition governments
Most did not have a majority

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3
Q

Why was the electoral decline in liberals significant?

A

Because it undermined the foundations of the republic

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4
Q

Positive for production?

A

1928 levels back to that of 1913

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5
Q

Negative for economic growth?

A

1926 production actually declined

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6
Q

Negative for saving and investments?

A

Hyperinflation discouraged saving and investments so income relied on foreign capital

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7
Q

Negative for Dawes Plan

A

Very dependent on American loans

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8
Q

Economic growth compared to France, Britain and USA?

A

Germany was behind

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9
Q

How much of GDP did reparations make up?

A

2%

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10
Q

Unemployment levels

A

1.3 million at highest- good

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11
Q

Did unemployment increase or decrease during GY’s?

A

Increase

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12
Q

Welfare

A

Improvements- sickness and pension benefits

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13
Q

Negatives of welfare during GY’s

A

Industrialists resented welfare state

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14
Q

Which groups were hostile to the regime?

A

Junkers and peasant farmers

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15
Q

Negatives to employment and work

A

Industrialists and workers both refused to co-operate

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16
Q

Successes of foreign policy during GY’s

A

Fulfilment proved the Treaty was unrealistic
Improved relations with USSR
Sympathy from West

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17
Q

Failures of foreign policy during GY’s

A

War guilt clause still a sore spot- Hindenburg 1927 speech showed this

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18
Q

Successes in womens rights

A

11 women elected to the Reichstag

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19
Q

Failures in women’s rights

A

Did work, but had unequal pay

1932 law allowed women to be dismissed from work if they were a second earner

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20
Q

1928 elections-presence of extremism

A

KPD gained over 10% and Nazis made gains in northern rural areas

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21
Q

How many farms were running at a loss in 1928?

A

1/3

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22
Q

By 19__, production levels were that of 19__

A

By 1928, production levels were that of 1919

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23
Q

Wages

A

Hourly wages rose

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24
Q

Maximum working week

A

48 hours

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25
Q

Over _ million houses built between 19__ and 19__

A

Over 2 million houses built between 1924 and 1931

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26
Q

Homelessness reduced by __%

A

60%

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27
Q

Evidence that there was political stability

A

Support for liberal parties rising- SPD won 29.8%

28
Q

SPD election figures 1928

A

29.8%

29
Q

Grand Coalition 1928 had __ of Reichstag support

A

60%

30
Q

Limitations of political stability

A

Proportional representation, difficulties in co-operation between coalitions

31
Q

How long did the longest coalition survive?

A

21 months

32
Q

Evidence against political stability

A

Hindenburg
Short lived, unworkable coalitions
Election turnouts declined in the 1920s

33
Q

Stresemann’s main aims (2)

A

Free Germany from the limitations of the Treaty of Versailles
Restore Germany to its full status of power

34
Q

The Dawes Plan

A

Stresemann called off passive resistance and agreed to resume paying reparations- encouraged sympathy and consequently meant that America gave Germany loans

35
Q

The Locarno Pact

A

Peace pact between Britain, France and Italy- renounced the use of force
No longer isolated from allies!!

36
Q

When was Germany invited to join the League of Nations?

A

1926

37
Q

1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact

A

Showed that Germany was co-operating with other nations

38
Q

The Young Plan

A

Revised reparations- 1/4 of 1921 sum

39
Q

1926 Treaty of Berlin

A

Between the USSR and Germany

Reduced pressure on Germany’s Eastern front

40
Q

Art during the Golden Years

A

Often held political and social messages

41
Q

Architecture and design

A

Bauhaus movement- modern and somewhat resented by conservative circles

42
Q

Literature

A

Avant garde style, explored a range of social issues

43
Q

Cabaret

A

Mocked old German conventions

Interest in experimentation, transvestism and homosexuality

44
Q

Conflict in cultures

A

Many writers during the 1920s opposed pacifism

Horrified by the decline in moral and cultural standards

45
Q

1925-29 export rate

A

Increased by 40%

46
Q

Working week during the Golden Years

A

48 hrs

47
Q

When was the Rentenmark introduced?

A

1923

48
Q

How did the Dawes Plan help reparations payments?

A

Paid back over a longer period of time- rise after 5 years

49
Q

When did world food prices collapse?

A

1922

50
Q

Impact of the 1922 world food price collapse

A

Rural poverty (1/3 of the population were farmers)

51
Q

How many workers did the unemployment insurance scheme cover?

A

17 million

52
Q

Women in society

A

‘new women’

53
Q

Areas where women gained equal rights

A

Public employment, sports clubs, sexual independence

54
Q

Limitations of female liberation

A

The amount of women who worked outside the home during the 1920’s remained largely the same

55
Q

Limitations in education

A

Majority of schools remained denominal
Most secondary teacher and lecturers remained conservative
10% of students in higher education were working class

56
Q

% of working class students in higher education

A

10%

57
Q

1928 coalition

A

Headed by SPD

58
Q

Which coalition did the SPD head?

A

1928

59
Q

During what period were there no attempts to overthrow the republic?

A

1924 to 1928

60
Q

When does Ebert die ?

A

1925

61
Q

Who takes over from Ebert as president?

A

Hindenburg

62
Q

1928 what % of the electorate voted pro-Weimar democracy?

A

76%

63
Q

Which election did 76% of the electorate vote pro-Weimar?

A

1928

64
Q

Limitations of political stability during the Golden Years

A

25% of the electorate voted against Weimar democracy
KPD 12.6% in 1924., 10.6% in 1928
NSDAP rose after the 1929 crash

65
Q

Which countries in the Locarno Treaties agreed to respect existing borders?

A

Germany, France and Belgium

66
Q

Which countries in the Locarno Treaties agreed to be peaceful?

A

Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia

67
Q

When were the Locarno Treaties?

A

1925

H2 (10 decks)

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