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H2 > 1939-1945 IMPACT OF WAR > Flashcards

1939-1945 IMPACT OF WAR Flashcards

1
Q

Short term military tactics

A

Blitzkreig- Poland crushed, gave Germans accesss to valuable raw materials

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2
Q

Where did Germany originally conquer?

A

Poland, the Low Countries, and France

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3
Q

Which battle did Germany lose which was significant?

A

Battle of Britain 1940

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4
Q

When was Operation Barbarossa?

A

22 Jun- Nov 1941

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5
Q

Why did Hitler believe Operation Barbarossa would quickly defeat the USSR?

A

Believed that Blitzkreig tactics would work as they did against Poland and France

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6
Q

Reasons why German military was successful from 1939-1941 (5)

A
  • France and Britain failed to take initiative so Poland had to fight alone
  • Blitzkreig strategies overwhelmed at first
  • French defensive strategy not prepared for Blitzkreig tactics
  • Germany’s expansion from 1938 allowed it to exploit labour and resources
  • USSR suprised and unprepared
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7
Q

When did the Japanese attack Pearl Harbour?

A

Dec 1941- turning point

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8
Q

What British victory ejected German troops from North Africa?

A

El Alamein

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9
Q

How did German strategy shift from 1943?

A

Defensive

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10
Q

Why was the German war economy inefficient?

A

Pressure from premature outbreak of war

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11
Q

Limitations of economic mobilisation

A

Germany’s air force only increased from 8000 to 10,000 from 1939 to 1941

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12
Q

Rationalisation Decree

A

Issued by Hitler to Todt, to eliminate the waste of labour and materials

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13
Q

When did Speer replace Todt as minister of armaments?

A

Feb 1942

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14
Q

‘Industrial self-responsibility’

A

To provide mass production- got rid of controls on businesses to fit with Nazi wishes

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15
Q

Speer’s initiatives (3)

A
  1. Employing more women in arms factories
  2. Making more efficient use of forced labour
  3. Preventing skilled workers to be lost to military conscription
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16
Q

How much did ammunition production increase in Speer’s first 6 months?

A

97%

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17
Q

How much did tank production rise in Speer’s first 6 months?

A

25%

18
Q

How much did total arms production increase in Speer’s first 6 months?

A

59%

19
Q

Effects of war on foreign workers

A

By 1944, foreign workers made up 25% of workforce

Treated badly- not very productive

20
Q

Reasons for Germany’s early military success (3)

A

Britain and France slow to react
Blitzkreig strategies overwhelmed
USSR taken by surprise

21
Q

By how much did German military expenditure increase 1939-41?

A

Doubled

22
Q

Limitations of economic mobilisation (3)

A

Armaments productions remained low eg only 3500 tanks
Poor co-ordination and inefficiency
Political infighting between Nazi figures

23
Q

By 1941, __% of the workforce was involved in war related projects

A

55%

24
Q

Speer’s initiatives (3)

A

Employed more women in factories
Made forced labour more effective
Prevented skilled workers being lost to conscription

25
Q

What policy did Speer bring in?

A

Policy of industrial self responsibility- helped improve mass production

26
Q

Apr 1942 Central Planning Board

A

Centralised and co-ordianated

Gave industrialists freedom

27
Q

War economy successes (3)

A

Ammunition increased 97%
Total arms production increased 59%
Tanks up 25%

28
Q

War economy failures (3)

A

Had the capacity to produce more than it did
Did not exploit plundered lands with economic efficiency
SS remained a law unto themselves

29
Q

Effect of allied bombing

A

Minimal- Speer’s production rate demonstrated that it did not break the economy
However may have prevented Germany from producing more

30
Q

1939 invasion of Poland- about __,____ Poles executed

A

16,000

31
Q

Policy for Polish Jews 1939-41

A

Ghettoisation

32
Q

Example of a Jewish ghetto

A

Łodź, Krakow, Warsaw

33
Q

Invasion of Russia- estimated ___,____ killed

A

600,000

34
Q

The Wannsee Conference 1942

A

Decisive meeting for the Final Solution

35
Q

Which meeting was the ‘decisive’ meeting for the Final Solution?

A

The Wannsee Conference

36
Q

Example of consumer goods falling

A

Clothing fell by 25%

37
Q

Policy for workers during war years

A

Working hours increased to 60 per week in 1944

1944 banned holidays

38
Q

Peasantry during the war years

A

Growing shortage meant that forced labour from Eastern Europe was necessary- contrasted with Nazi ideology

39
Q

By 1945 women made up __% of the workforce

A

60%

40
Q

When was conscription for women introduced ?

A

1941

41
Q

Youth during war time

A

Decline in educational standards
Formal exams ceased in 1943
HJ compulsory
Polarised

42
Q

Propaganda during war time

A

War films like Kolberg- glorified war and increased patriotism

H2 (10 decks)

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