Occupation In Context Flashcards
Why consider context
Since OT promotes engagement in occupation, we must consider how environment or context affects occupational performance.
- Consider modifications: can they be made to environment? Occupation? Person?
- What is the key limitation of occupational performance? Requires occupation analysis skills.
- Consideration of occupational justice within an environment
Ways to consider context
Environment-external to the person
- Physical
- Social
Context- internal (within) and surrounding person)
- Cultural
- Temporal
- Personal
- Virtual
Ways to consider “context:”
environmental analysis
Macrosystem-large
Mesosystem-middle
Microsystem- small
- Immediate scale, proximal scale, community scale, societal scale
- Proximity, accessibility, significance
Ways to consider “context:”
Occupational Science
- Academic discipline
- Knowledge, learning, scholarly inquiry
- Supports practice of occupational therapy
- Social science, focuses on human behavior
OT Vs. Occupational Science
OS- discipline
•OT- profession
- OS studies and analyzes occupation
- OS should inform OT practice
Occupational Science
•FORM (what)
Observable units of occupation
•FUNCTION (how)
How occupation influences life
•MEANING (why)
Subjective experience of engaging in occupations
SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS
AND
INFLUENCE ON OCCUPATION
.
What is SES?
•Occupational /Vocational, Educational, Income achievements of individuals or groups
- Resources
- Opportunities
- Influence on health
•Higher SES typically impacts what?
??
Differences in occupational opportunities
- Social inequalities
- . Pattern of unequal rewards / opportunities
- . Usually viewed to be unfair, unjust
- Social gradient
- . Diminished health as social status decreases
- . Upward mobility less common that in past generations
- Health disparities
- . Differences in health care (access, services, information, outcomes)
- . May be result of social inequalities
Occupational Justice-
recognition of occupational rights and inclusive participation
•Regardless of age, ability, gender, social class
Occupational injustice-
ignore social and economic determinants of health
Occupational Apartheid-
segregation of groups of people based on lack of meaningful participation in daily life occupations
•Lack opportunity to freely choose occupations
Divisions in SES
- Class and social mobility
* Less upward mobility - Gender
* Women live longer but more chronic health conditions
* Roles, income, opportunities - Ethnicity
* Cultural rather than racial influence
* Education, poverty, health expectations - Age
* Ageism, also increasing health concerns with age - Disability
* 20% of US population live with a disability - Sexual orientation
* Legal issues affecting health access, possible discrimination
Influence of US Health Care System
- High expenditure compared to other countries (per person)
- Slightly lower life expectancy (78.2 years) and slightly higher infant mortality (6.5 per 1,000 live births)
- Changing roles of health insurance
* Medicare / Medicaid
* ACA (Affordable Care Act)
* Incentives for health behaviors
Effects of SES on Occupations
- Education
- Poverty / working poor / new poor
- Work
- Play / leisure / recreation
- Health management
