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OCB02 > OCB02-1005 Pharyngeal Arch Development > Flashcards

OCB02-1005 Pharyngeal Arch Development Flashcards

1
Q

When do pharyngeal arches appear?

A

4th and 5th weeks of development

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2
Q

what are the arches separated by on the outside?

A

There are clefts in the ectoderm

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3
Q

What are arches separated by on the inside?

A

There are pouches in the endoderm

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4
Q

What are the numbers of the 5 arches?

A

1, 2, 3, 4, 6

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5
Q

What do the arches separate?

A

the stomatodeum from the developing heart

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6
Q

What is the basic structure of each brachial arch?

A

Cartilage
Nerve
Artery

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7
Q

Where is the first arch located?

A

Between the stomatodeum and first pouch

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8
Q

What processes do the first arch form?

A

Maxillary process and the mandibular process

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9
Q

What bones are formed from the maxillary process?

A

Maxillary bone
Premaxillary bone
Zygomatic bone
Squamous part of the temporal bone

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10
Q

What cartilage is within the mandibular process?

A

The meckel’s cartilage, which will disappear with development, with the exception of 2 small portions which form the incus and malleus

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11
Q

What muscles does the first arch form?

A

Muscles of mastication

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12
Q

What is the nerve supply to the first arch?

A

Cranial nerve 5

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13
Q

What does cartilage form in the second arch?

A

The staples, styloid, upper part of the hyoid bone, and lesser horns

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14
Q

What muscles are formed from the second arch?

A

Muscles of facial expression

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15
Q

What is the nerve supply to the second arch?

A

Cranial nerve 7

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16
Q

What does the cartilage form in the third arch?

A

greater horns and the lower part of the hyoid bone

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17
Q

What muscle does the third arch form?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

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18
Q

What is the nerve supply to the third arch?

A

Cranial nerve 9

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19
Q

What is the nerve supply to the fourth arch?

A

cranial nerve 10

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20
Q

What muscles does the fourth arch form?

A

muscles of the Palate and pharynx

21
Q

What is the nerve supply to the sixth arch?

A

Recurrent fibres of vagus nerve

Cranial nerve 10

22
Q

What muscles does the sixth arch form?

A

Laryngeal muscles

23
Q

What does cartilage form in the second arch?

A

The staples, styloid, upper part of the hyoid bone, and lesser horns

24
Q

What muscles are formed from the second arch?

A

Muscles of facial expression

25
Q

What is the nerve supply to the second arch?

A

Cranial nerve 7

26
Q

What does the cartilage form in the third arch?

A

greater horns and the lower part of the hyoid bone

27
Q

What muscle does the third arch form?

A

Stylopharyngeus muscle

28
Q

What is the nerve supply to the third arch?

A

Cranial nerve 9

29
Q

What is the nerve supply to the fourth arch?

A

cranial nerve 10

30
Q

What muscles does the fourth arch form?

A

muscles of the Palate and pharynx

31
Q

What is the nerve supply to the sixth arch?

A

Recurrent fibres of vagus nerve

Cranial nerve 10

32
Q

What muscles does the sixth arch form?

A

Laryngeal muscles

33
Q

What happens to the maxillary processes from the first brachial arch during the 5th and 6th weeks?

A

The bilateral maxillary processes derived from the first brachial arch fuse with the medial nasal process to form the upper lip, alveolus and primary palate

34
Q

What separates the right and left nasal chambers?

A

Nasal septum

35
Q

What is the secondary palate formed from?

A

Palatine shelves that grow medially from the maxillary prominences

36
Q

When does a cleft palate occur?

A

When the palatal shelves fail to fuse with each other during the 7th to 10th weeks of development

37
Q

What may cause a cleft palate?

A

Inadequate growth of palatine shelves
Failure of shelves to elevate above the tongue
Excessively wide head

38
Q

Which pharyngeal clefts form a structure in adults?

A

1st

39
Q

What does the first cleft form?

A

The external auditory tube

40
Q

What happens to the other clefts?

A

They disappear because of growth of the ectoderm from the second cleft as it grows down and fuses with the sixth arch

41
Q

What does the 1st pouch develop into?

A

Auditory tube and middle ear cavity

42
Q

What does the 2nd pouch develop into?

A

palatine tonsil

43
Q

What does the 3rd pouch develop into?

A

The dorsal wing and inferior parathyroid glands

44
Q

What does the 4th pouch develop into?

A

The superior parathyroid gland

45
Q

What does the 5th pouch develop into?

A

Ultimobranchial body, which is incorporated into the thyroid and forms the parafollicular cells of the thyroid

46
Q

How many arches contribute to tongue development?

A

4

47
Q

What does the 1st arch form of the tongue?

A

The anterior 2/3 of the tongue

48
Q

What do the 3rd and 4th arches of the tongue form?

A

posterior 1/3 of the tongue

OCB02 (18 decks)

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