OC-2022 Flashcards by potatochips ~

Which of the following LEAST describes an organic compound?
A. It always comes from a living source.
B. It is composed of covalently bonded carbon atoms.
C. Light molecular weight compounds are combustible.
D. None of the above

A. It always comes from a living source.

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The vital force theory was disproved by the synthesis of which compound?
A. ethanol
B. cyanide
C. urea
D. ammonia

urea

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What is the hybridization of the carbonyl carbon in acetone?
A. sp
B. sp2
C. sp3
D. sp3d2

sp2

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Degree of Unsaturation

DoU is the no. of pi bonds and rings in a molecule
A. calculate max no. of H
B. subtract the given value divided by 2 to find the no. of rings/pi bond
C. if oxygen, ignore;
d. if halogen, +1
e. if nitrogen, -1

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Hydroxyl Group

Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids, Phenols

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Alkyl Group

hydrocarbon chain
Methyl, ethyl, isopropyl

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Carbonyl Group

C double bond O
Aldehydes, Ketones

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Carboxyl Group

carbonyl + hydroxyl (C double bond O + OH)

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Amino Group

NH2 attached to carbon chain

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Amide Group

carbonyl group + amine

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Which of the following is NOT a constitutional isomer with the others? (???)
A. cyclohexene
B. 3-methylpentene
C. 2-hexyne
D. 1-hexene

A. Cyclohexene

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What is the common name for ethenylbenzene?
A. styrene
B. cumene
C. xylene
D. limonene

styrene

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Which of the following is a pair of stereoisomers?
A. 2-octene and 3-octene
B. D-glucose and L-gulose
C. cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene
D. hexanoic acid and heptanoic acid

C. cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene

Stereoisomers have the same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms.
Consitutional - diff in connectivity

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Which of the following is NOT an aliphatic compound?
A. neopentane
8. cycloheptane
C. 3-heptyne
D. xylene

xylene

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Which of the following is/are characteristics of an aromatic compound?
I. It is cyclic and planar.
II. It is completely conjugated.
III. It is composed of even- numbered carbon atoms.

I and II

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Which of the following is arranged in order of increasing boiling point?
A. 2-methylbutane < n-pentane < butanone < butanol
B. n-pentane < 2-methylbutane butanone < butanol
C. 2-methylbutane < n-pentane < butanol < butanone
D. n-pentane 2-methylbutane butanol < butanone

2-methylbutane < n-pentane < butanone < butanol

Factors Affecting Boiling Point
1. Larger Size of Molecule = high BP
2. High Branching = low BP
3. Polarity - Dipole-dipole = high BP
4. Hydrogen Bonding = high BP

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Which of the following solvents will butyric acid be most soluble?
A. CCl4
B. water
C. hexane
D. CH2Cl2

water

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Among the Ortho, meta and para isomers of xylene, which has the highest boiling point?
A. ortho-xylene
B. meta-xylene
C. para-xylene
D. Ortho-xylene and para-xylene

ortho xylene

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Which is the most acidic among the following compounds?
A. CH3OH
B. C6H5OH
C. CH3COOH
D. (CH3)3COH

CH3COOH

Acetic Acid
Carboxylic acids are generally stronger acids than alcohols

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Which functional group is directly responsible for the flavors present in wine?
A. ester
B. ether
C. alcohol
D. anhydride

ester

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Which of the following is used commonly as refrigerants?
A. alkyl ethers
B. alkyl esters
C. alkyl alcohols
D. alkyl halides

alkyl halides

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Which of the following is NOT a step in addition polymerization?
A. initiation
B. substitution
C. propagation
D. termination

substitution

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Which of the following is NOT a reagent for hydrogenation of an alkyne?
A. H2/Pd-c
B. H2/Lindlar
C. Na/NH3
D. BH3/H2O2, NaOH

BH3/H2O2, NaOH

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Which alkyl halide will most readily react in SN1 reactions?
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. can be any

tertiary

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Which of the following compounds is NOT produced from oxidation of alkenes? A. ester B. ketone C. carboxylic acid D carbon dioxide

ester

What is the product from the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of nitrobenzene? A. ortho-n itrotoluene B. meta-nitrotoluene C. para-nitrotoluene D. ortho-nitrotoluene and para- nitrotoluene

meta-nitrotoluene

An unknown alcohol was reacted with the Lucas reagent and the observation was the immediate appearance of turbidity. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. can be any

tertiary

Pyridinium cholorochromate (PCC) is a mild oxidizing agent. What is the product formed when 1 -butanol reacts with PCC? A. butanal B. 2-butanone C. butanoic acid D. tert-butanol

butanal since primary alcohol--> aldehyde

. What is the product when an aldehyde reacts with a Grignard reagent? A. a secondary alcohol B. an aldehyde C. a ketone D. an alkene

a secondary alcohol grignard reagent- powerful nucleophile > aldehyde to secondary alcohol

. Which of the following indicates a positive observation for the iodoform test? A. appearance of silver mirror B. appearance of purple oily layer C. appearance of yellow precipitate D. appearance of colorless crystals

appearance of yellow precipitate

Acid chlorides are highly reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids that can A. react with themselves to form ketones. B. react with amines and alcohols to give amides and esters. C. be made from alkyl alcohols by reaction with thionyl chloride. D. be reduced to ketones with hydrogen and a platinum catalyst.

react with amines and alcohols to give amides and esters. Acid + amine = amide acid + alcohol = ester

What is the funnel used in suction filtration? A. filter funnel B. dropping funnel C. thistle funnel D. Büchner funnel

Büchner funnel

This is done during liquid-liquid extraction to release the pressure build up inside the separatory funnel during shaking. A- stirring B. venting C. drawing D. salting out

venting "release pressure" Shake Vent Stand - break emulsion by salting out or stirring Draw - open stopcok and drain lower layer

This method of distillation is suitable when the components of a mixture to be separated are thermal-sensitive and could decompose at high temperatures. A. steam distillation B. simple distillation C. fractional distillation D. none of the above

steam distillation

Which of the following can be done to purify a synthesized solid product? A. extraction B. distillation C. recrystallization D. chromatography

recrystallization - purify nonvolatile organic solids

In a calibration curve, absorbance is plotted against the _______ of an analyte. A. pH B. volume C. concentration D. redox potential

concentration

. In this chromatographic method, the sample may be gas or liquid injected into a gaseous mobile phase. A. gas chromatography B. affinity chromatography C. thin layer chromatography D. high pressure liquid chromatography

gas chromatography

It is the more common form of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) where the stationary phase is nonpolar and the mobile phase is polar. A. HPLC-MS B. HPLC-NMR C. normal-phase D. reversed-phase

reversed-phase at normal= SP is polar, MP is nonpolar at reverse = SP is nonpolar, MP is polar

What is the most appropriate type of container to be used for acid and base wastes? A. metal drums B. fiber drums C. polyethylene drums D. tightly-sealed glass container

polyethylene

It is the highest concentration of a substance in the air that will produce a fire or explosion when source of ignition such as heat, spark or flame is present. A. lower flammable limit B. upper flammable limit C. reactivity limit D. flash limit

upper flammable limit

In an MSDS Data Sheet, which of the following color symbolizes reactivity? A. blue B. red C. yellow D. white

yellow Blue: Health hazard Red: Flammability Yellow: Reactivity (also called instability) White: Special hazards (e.g., corrosive, radioactive)

According to the GHS, which of the following is not under the pictogram "Gas Cylinder"? A. compressed gas B. dissolved gas C. liquefied gas D. explosive gas

explosive gas

Water is a suitable solvent for the recrystallization of benzoic acid. HOW should be addition of the solvent? A. Add benzoic acid to minimum amount of hot water with stirring. B. Add room temp water to benzoic acid while stirring until benzoic acid dissolves. C. Add maximum amount Of hot water to benzoic acid while stirring. D. Add small portions of hot water to benzoic acid while stirring until benzoic acid dissolves.

Add small portions of hot water to benzoic acid while stirring until benzoic acid dissolves.

Sample preparation technique used prior to instrumental analysis of metals. A. sieving B. clean-up C. acid digestion D. liquid-liquid extraction

acid digestion breaking down complex matrices through acid to release metals to soln

A simple fractional tube is packed with which of the following? A. wooden beads B. plastic beads C. metal beads D. glass beads

glass beads

. The organic liquid in steam distillation vaporizes at A. a lower temperature than its boiling point B. a higher temperature than its boiling point C. its boiling point D. none of the above

lower temperature than its boiling point distill before it decompose at normal boiling points

The chromaplate or thin layer chromatography plate is made up of A. glass B. wood C. fiber D. metal

glass

Retardation factor is the ratio of A. distance moved by substance from base line to distance moved by the solvent from base line B. distance moved by solvent from base line to distance moved by the substance from base line C. distance moved by substance from top line to distance moved by the solvent from top line D. distance moved by solvent from top line to distance moved by the substance from top line

distance moved by substance from base line to distance moved by the solvent from base line RF = dcomponent /dsolvent from the baseline

Which of the following is FALSE regarding galvanic cells? A. TO set up this cell, a salt bridge is used. B. The reactions taking place are non-spontaneous. C. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy. D. The electrolytes used in the compartments are different.

The reactions taking place are non-spontaneous. galvanic (or voltaic) cell, the reactions are spontaneous, meaning they occur naturally and release energy.

. During electroplating of silver, the silver ions are reduced at the A. anode B. cathode C. electrolyte solution D. none of the above

cathode Oxidation - Anode Reduction - Cathode

A cell is prepared by dipping a copper rod in 1 M cuS04 solution and an iron rod in 2 M FeS04 solution. Identify the anode and cathode. A. anode-copper; cathode-iron B. anode-iron; cathode-copper C. anode-copper; cathode-copper D. anode-iron; cathode-iron

anode-iron; cathode-copper iron is mas reactive = oxiation = anode

Which of the following is the principle of Atomic Absorption spectroscopy? A. Color is measured. B. Color is simply observed. C. Medium absorbs radiation and transmitted radiation is measured. D. Radiation is absorbed by non-excited atoms in vapor state and are excited to higher states.

Radiation is absorbed by non-excited atoms in vapor state and are excited to higher states.

Which of the following statements about mass spectroscopy is(are) correct? l. Analyte molecules are converted to gaseous ions. ll. The ions are separated according to their mass to charge ratio. Ill. The addition of compound identification mass spectra can be utilized to determine precise isotopic masses and isotopic ratios.

I, Il, and Ill

IR spectroscopy is useful for determining certain aspects of the structure of organic compounds because A. All molecular bonds absorb IR radiation. B. IR peak intensities are related to molecular mass. C. Each element absorbs at a characteristic wavelength. D. Most organic functional groups absorb in characteristic region of IR spectrum.

Most organic functional groups absorb in characteristic region of IR spectrum.

Determine which compound will have the following IR peaks: 3020-3100 and 1650-1670 cm-1 A. cyclohexane B. cyclohexene C. 3-hexyne D. n-hexane

cyclohexene 3020-3100 cm?¹: C–H stretching of sp² hybridized carbons, 1650-1670 cm?¹: C=C double bond stretch, characteristic of alkenes.

The region of electromagnetic spectrum for NMR is A. IR B. UV-Vis C. Microwave D. Radio frequency

D. Radio frequency

Which list below gives only spin active nuclei? A. 1H, 2H, 12C B. 1H, 12C, 19F C. 1H, 13C, 19F D. 2H, 12C, 19F

H, 13C, 19F spin active = non zero nuclear spin if proton and neutron is even = zero nuclear spin

Which of the following is(are) application(s) of ion exchange chromatography? A. Softening Of hard water B. Demineralization of water C. Separation and determination of anions D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is widely used for the separation/purification of specific biomolecules? This relies on the highly specific binding between an analyte and its counterpart. A. Chiral chromatography B. Affinity chromatography C. Ion exchange chromatography D. Ion exclusion chromatography

affinity chromatography "specific binding"

What must be done to the solid samples for it to be introduced into the column without using solid injection syringes in gas chromatography? A. dissolved in volatile liquids B. introduced using sampling loops C. introduced using rotary sample valve D. introduced in hot-zone of the column

dissolved in volatile liquids

Which of the following is NOT an ideal characteristic of a detector used in gas chromatography? A. high reliability B. short response time C. linear response to the solutes D. sensitive to the changes in the flow rate of a carrier gas

sensitive to the changes in the flow rate of a carrier gas

Which of the following detectors is widely used to detect environmental samples like chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls? A. Flame ionization detector B. Electron capture detector C. Thermionic specific detector D. Thermal conductivity detector

Electron capture detector halogenated, nitro groups, highly conjugated, aromatic compounds

Which of the following is NOT true about the guard column used in liquid chromatography? A. It extends the lifespan of the separation column. B. It filters particles that clog the separation column. C. The size of packing varies with the type of protection needed. D. It allows entry of particles that cause precipitation upon contact with stationary or mobile phase.

It allows entry of particles that cause precipitation upon contact with stationary or mobile phase.

Which of the following columns are not used in liquid or high performance liquid chromatography? A. guard column B. capillary column C. analytical column D. separation column

capillary column

Electrophiles are A. electron-poor species B. electron-rich species C. positively charged ions D. electrically neutral species

A. electron-poor species

Chlorination of alkanes is what type of reaction? A. elimination B. rearrangement C. electrophilic addition D. free-radical substitution

free-radical substitution

Which of these compounds exist as cis and trans isomers? A. dichlorobenzene B. 1-chloropropene C. dichloroethyne D. 1,2-dichloropropane

B. 1-chloropropene Cis-trans 1. FOR ALKENES 2. NOT terminal alkenes 3. NOT disubstituted 4. R1 is not equal to R2 and R3 is not equal to R4

Which compound will rapidly decolorize Br2 in CHCl3? A. Hexane B. benzene C. 1-hexene D. cyclohexane

1-hexene

Baeyer's reagent is used to characterize alkenes. Which of the following is Baeyer's reagent? A. Neutral solution of HCI B. Alcoholic solution of carbonate C. Ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate D. Aqueous solution of potassium permanganate

Aqueous solution of potassium permanganate

In what way does the reactivity of CH3C?CH differ from CH3CH=CH2? A. Propyne is deprotonated by NaNH2, while propene is not. B. Propyne does not react with bromine, while propene reacts readily with bromine C. Propyne undergoes catalytic hydrogenation over platinum, while propene does D. Propyne is readily hydrated at pH = 0, while propene is not.

Propyne is deprotonated by NaNH2, while propene is not.

Which of the following is an aromatic compound? A. acetylene B. acetone C. styrene D. polyethylene

styrene aromatic - cyclic

Which of the following is the most activating in electrophilic aromatic substitution? A. -NO2 B. -NHCOCH3 C. -CN D. -NH2

-NH2 Amino group - strongly activating

Which of the following is the rate determining step in electrophilic aromatic substitution? A. generation of the electrophile B. addition of the electrophile on benzene's bond to form a carbocation C. loss of a proton to re-form the aromatic ring D. none of the above

B. addition of the electrophile on benzene's bond to form a carbocation

Which of the following CANNOT be a product of the reaction of benzene with CH3Cl and AICl3? A. toluene B. isopropyl benzene C. o-xylene D. p-xylene

isopropyl benzene ONLY methyl can be added in the rxn NOT OH-

Alkyl halides are very reactive towards nucleophiles because A. they have a nucleophilic carbon and a good leaving group. B. they have a nucleophilic carbon and a poor leaving group. C. they have an electrophilic carbon and a good leaving group. D. they have an electrophilic carbon and a poor leaving group.

C. they have an electrophilic carbon and a good leaving group.

SN2 means A. two-step nucleophilic substitution involving both alkyl halide and nucleophile B. one-step nucleophilic substitution involving both alkyl halide and nucleophile C. two-step nucleophilic substitution involving only the alkyl halide D. one-step nucleophilic substitution involving only the nucleophile

one-step nucleophilic substitution involving both alkyl halide and nucleophile

Which of the following alkyl halides can undergo both SN1 and SN2 reactions? A. CH3X B. (CH3)2CHX C. (CH3)3CX D. (CH3)3CCH2X

B. (CH3)2CHX Secondary halides can undergo both SN1 and SN2 reactions.

Which compound has the highest boiling point? A. CH3CH2CH3 B. CH3OCH2CH3 C. CH3COCH3 D. CH3CH2CH2OH

D. CH3CH2CH2OH

Which of the following reactions will NOT produce aldehydes? A. ozonolysis of alkenes B. hydration of alkynes C. oxidation of primary alcohols D. dehydration of secondary alcohols

dehydration of secondary alcohols forms alkenes not aldehydes

Carbon is found in the highest oxidation state in which of these classes of organic compounds? A. alkynes B. alcohols C. aldehydes D. carboxylic acids

carboxylic acids

Which reaction could occur between acetic acid and ethanol? A. addition B. esterification C. neutralization D. oxidation

esterification

Which of the following reagents can be used to distinguish between phenol and carboxylic acid? A. aqueous NaCl B. aqueous NaOH C. aqueous FeCl3 D. Tollens reagent

aqueous FeCl3

Carboxylic acids are more acidic than phenols and alcohols because of A. formation of dimers B. highly acidic hydrogen C. intermolecular hydrogen bonding D. resonance stabilization of their conjugate base

resonance stabilization of their conjugate base

Solvent extraction is more effective when the extraction is repeated with A. extra solvent B. large solvent C. small solvent D. no solvent

small solvent

The insoluble impurities during recrystallization are removed by A. hot gravity filtration B. vacuum filtration C. cooling D. drying

hot gravity filtration

Steam baths are often used to heat volatile, non-aqueous, flammable solvents because of the following EXCEPT A. Can only heat up to 100'C so no overheating occurs in the compounds of the sample B. Flash fires are unlikely in most solvents C. Overheating is possible D. Provides instant heat

Overheating is possible

The beads in a fractional column are for A. vapors to condense B. vapors to evaporate C. vapors to generate D. all of the mentioned

A. vapors to condense

Fractional distillation is a process of separation of which of the following? A. two immiscible liquids B. one miscible and one immiscible liquid C. two miscible liquids D. none of the above

two miscible liquids

What is the advantage of steam distillation? A. Reduces decomposition of temperature-sensitive compounds B. Reduces decomposition of inorganic compounds C. Increases the decomposition of temperature-sensitive compounds D. Increases the decomposition of inorganic compounds

Reduces decomposition of temperature-sensitive compounds

Which of the following is NOT true about steam distillation? A. very long extraction times B. very short extraction times C. high energy consumption D. no need for subsequent separation steps

. very short extraction times

Which of the following is the correct way to determine the boiling point of an unknown compound? A. Heating a compound to boiling and measuring the temperature of the hot plate. B. Heating a compound to near boiling and placing the thermometer in the liquid. C. Boiling a compound and placing the thermometer in the refluxing vapor. D. Boiling a compound and placing the thermometer in the boiling liquid.

Boiling a compound and placing the thermometer in the refluxing vapor.

The principle of TLC is that A. Different compounds are absorbed on an absorbent to different degrees. B. Different compounds are absorbed on an absorbent to same degrees. C. Different compounds are adsorbed on an adsorbent to different degrees. D. Different compounds are absorbed on an absorbent to same degrees.

C. Different compounds are adsorbed on an adsorbent to different degrees.

Which of the following statements about visualization during TLC is TRUE? A. Spots of colorless compounds are invisible to the eyes. B. Spots can be detected by putting the plate under ultraviolet light. C. Spots can be detected by placing the plate in a covered jar containing iodine crystals. D. All Of the above.

D. All Of the above.

Amino acids can be detected by spraying the stationary phase with ninhydrin solution. This can be done in A. gas chromatography B. paper chromatography C. liquid chromatography D. column chromatography

paper chromatography "spraying the stationary space w/ a solution)

Karl Fischer titration, which determines trace amounts of water in a sample, uses which electrochemical method? A. Potentiometry B. Coulometry C. Voltammetry D. Iodometry

Coulometry "trace amounts of water"

. Which of the following is NOT a common method used for purification? A. Electrolysis B. Sublimation C. Crystallization D. Chromatography

Electrolysis

An institution that handles chemicals relies on the to make the initial determination of whether a waste is hazardous and to label the waste accordingly? A. Laboratory safety manager B. Department of Environmental and Natural Resources C. Principal Investigator D. Plant Safety Officer

B. Department of Environmental and Natural Resources

What should you do when a waste container has a minor leak? A. Patch up the container. B. Transfer to another container. C. Call your PCO to report in a regulatory body. D. Put the container with leak in a bigger container.

Transfer to another container.

A technical document, which is GHS compliant, that contains all the information related to the health hazard, storage, precautionary measures, emergency procedures, etc. when handling chemicals. A. Safety Data Sheet B. Chemical Data Sheet C. Material Safety Data Sheet D. Chemical Safety Data Sheet

Safety Data Sheet not about the material

It has the highest temperature characteristics of any glass. Its maximum continuous use temperature is approximately 9000C. It has a near zero thermal expansion and so is extremely thermal shock resistant. It is also chemically inert to most substances except for a few substances including hydrofluoric acid and hot potassium hydroxide. A. lime glass B. lead glass C. borosilicate D. fused quartz

fused quartz

Which of the following demonstrates proper drying of cuvette? A. dry using a desiccator B. place in an oven to dry overnight C. blot on absorbing towel or tissue paper and allow to air dry D. none of the above

C. blot on absorbing towel or tissue paper and allow to air dry

Which of the following is NOT a limitation of Beer-Lambert's law? A. Light must be of a narrow wavelength range and preferably monochromatic. B. Presence of fluorescent molecule in solution may interfere in the final absorbance of solution. C. At high concentration, molecules may polymerize and thereby affecting absorption of solution. D. Beer-Lambert's law does not form the quantitative basis for all types of absorption spectroscopy.

D. Beer-Lambert's law does not form the quantitative basis for all types of absorption spectroscopy.

Which species of the following is used to bombard with the sample for which mass spectroscopy has been performed? A. alpha particles B. neutrons C. electrons D. protons

electrons

In the past, IR spectra had to be acquired one wavelength at a time, which took a long time. Today spectra can be acquired faster due to the A. light is faster today that it used to be B. absence of broad spectrum of wavelength C. Fourier Transfer algorithm which allows to scan all frequencies at once D. none of the above

C. Fourier Transfer algorithm which allows to scan all frequencies at once

What compound is possibly shown in an infrared spectrum with peaks of 3000 and 1650 cm? A. cyclohexane B. cyclohexene C. benzene D. acetone

B. cyclohexene should be an alkene

What is the correct increasing order of stretching frequencies for C?C, C=C and C-C? A. C-C > C=C > C?C B. C?C > C=C > C-C c. C-C > C=C < C?C D. C?C < C-C > C=C

C?C > C=C > C-C stretching frequencies = bond length = high order = short bond length

NMR spectroscopy indicates the chemical nature of the ______ and spatial positions of ____ A. Electrons, Protons B. Neutrons, electrons C. Nuclei, electrons D. Nuclei, neighboring nuclei

D. Nuclei, neighboring nuclei

In the IR spectrum of compound, there is a strong absorption at 1718 cm-I in addition to bands at 2978 and 2940 cm-1 and bands below 1500 cm-1. The 1 H NMR spectrum shows two signals: a quartet and a triplet with relative integrals of 2:3. Determine the molecular formula of compound X. A. CH3CH2CO2H B. CH3CH2OCH2CH3 C. CH3CH2COCH2CH3 D. CH3CH2OH

CH3CH2COCH2CH3 quartet = ch2 triplet =ch3

Chromatography is used to A. Separate two or more compounds based on their polarities. B. Separate two or more compounds based on their masses. C. Separate two or more compounds based on how strongly they interact with other compounds. D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which type of chromatography is used for structural analysis? A. Affinity chromatography B. Partition chromatography C. Column chromatography D. Paper chromatography

D. Paper chromatography

Which of the following can be separated using column chromatography? A. sugar derivatives B. hydrolyzed peptides C. inorganic complex ions D. chlorophylls and carotenoids

chlorophylls and carotenoids

Affinity chromatography is used for the analysis and isolation of A. starch B. tyrosinase C. antibodies D. all of the mentioned

all of the mentioned

Which of the following is useful for the separation of low molecular weight gases? A. Gas-solid chromatography B. Gas-liquid chromatography C. Liquid-liquid chromatography D. Thin layer chromatography

Gas-solid chromatography

The analysis and separation of industrial products like soap and synthetic detergents is done using A. Thin layer chromatography B. Gas chromatography C. Partition chromatography D. Ion exchange chromatography

Gas chromatography

Ion exchange particles carry fixed positive or negative charges. A sulfonic acid type resin has S03-H+ groups were H+ can be exchanged for A. cations B. anions C. small cations and large anions D. small anions and large cations

A. cations

Which of the following is NOT an application of high performance liquid chromatography? A. Separation of pharmaceutical drugs B. Analysis of proteins, drugs and explosives C. Separation of lipids, fatty acids and steroids D. Elimination of undesirable substances from blood

Elimination of undesirable substances from blood

How many different structural isomers exist for dichloropropane, C3H6Cl2? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

How many different alcohols (not including stereoisomers) have the molecular formula C4H10O? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

All of the formulas below correspond to stable compounds EXCEPT A. CH20 B. CH30 C. CH202 D.CH40

B. CH30

Which of the following is(are) polar? I. CO ll. COCl2 Ill. CH2Cl2 A. I only B. I and Il only C. I and Ill only D. Il and Ill only

D. Il and Ill only

Identify the incorrect statement regarding cycloalkanes. A. They have sp3 hybridized carbons. B. They have tetrahedral bond angles. C. Their stability varies directly with their respective size. D. They undergo reactions similar to that of alkanes.

They have tetrahedral bond angles.

. Select the incorrect statement regarding alkenes. A. In alkenes, the carbons are connected by bonds. B. Alkenes have almost same physical properties as that of the alkanes. C. Alkenes are less reactive than alkanes. D. Alkenes undergo polymerization reaction.

Alkenes are less reactive than alkanes.

When ethyne is subjected to ozonolysis, what is the end product? A. formic acid B. acetic acid C. oxalic acid D. glucose

formic acid

Which of the compounds below will react readily with chlorine by addition? I. C2H2 (ethyne) ll. C2H4 (ethene) Ill. C6H6 (benzene) A. I only B. I and Il only C. Il and Ill only D. l, Il, and Ill

I and Il only Benzene typically participates in electrophilic aromatic substitution rather than addition reactions.

What is the order of reactivity of the following compounds in EAS? l. benzene ll. toluene Ill. phenol IV. benzoic acid

Phenol > Toluene > Benzene > Benzoic Acid • Phenol: Hydroxyl (-OH) = Electron-donating group • Toluene: Methyl (-CH₃) = Electron-donating group • Benzene: Less reactive than toluene (no substituent) • Benzoic Acid: Carboxyl group (-COOH) = Electron-withdrawing group

What are the reagents needed in bromination of benzene via EAS? A. Bromine in H20 B. Bromine in CH3Cl C. Bromine in CH2Cl2 D. Bromine and FeBr3

Bromine and FeBr3

What occurs during an electrophilic aromatic substitution? A. [1] addition [2] hydrolysis B. [1] elimination [2] addition C. [1] addition [2] deprotonation D. [1] substitution [2] rearrangement

C. [1] addition [2] deprotonation

Which of the following is NOT true for SN1 reactions? A. They occur through a single step concerted reaction. B. They are favored by polar protic solvents. C. Tertiary alkyl halides generally react through this mechanism. D. Concentration of nucleophile does not affect the rate of such reactions.

A. They occur through a single step concerted reaction. Sn1 - two step - polar protic Sn2 - one step - polar aprotic

A low concentration of nucleophile favors A. SN1 B. SN2 C. Both SN1 and SN2 D. Neither SN1 nor SN2

D. Neither SN1 nor SN2

Which statement(s) about substitution reactions are correct? l. The reaction between NaOH and I-chloropentane predominantly follows an SN2 mechanism. ll. The reaction between NaOH and 2-chloro-2-methylbutane predominantly follows an SN2 mechanism. Ill. The reaction between NaOH with I-chloropentane occurs at a slower rate than with I bromopentane. A. land Il B. I and Ill C. Il and Ill D. I, Il and Ill

B. I and Ill

Which of the following alcohols would be most soluble in water? A. Propanol B. Hexanol C. Pentanol D. Butanol

propanol as the carbon length increases = hydrophobic nature increases short carbon = less hydrophobic

The major reason that phenol is a better Bronsted acid than cyclohexanol is A. it is a better proton donor. B. the pi electrons stabilize the phenoxide ion by resonance. C. the phenyl group is an electron withdrawing group by induction, which stabilizes the anion formed in the reaction. D. the cyclohexyl group is an electron donating group by induction, which destabilizes the anion formed in the reaction.

the pi electrons stabilize the phenoxide ion by resonance.

When aldehydes and ketones react via nucleophilic addition, they are converted to A. alkanes B. alkenes C. ethers D. alcohols

D. alcohols

What is the IUPAC name for CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO? A. pentanal B. I-pentanol C. I-pentanone D. pentanoic acid

A. pentanal

Which of these compounds contain a carboxy group? A. propanol B. propanal C. propanone D. propanoic acid

D. propanoic acid

Which family of compounds is most frequently used as flavoring agents? A. acids B. alkenes C. esters D. ethers

C. esters

Calculate the percent yield when 0.5 mol of acetic acid reacts with 1 mol of alcohol produces 0.25 mol of ethyl acetate. A. 25% B. 50% C. 75% D. 100%

B. 50% limiting reactant: acetic acid

. Which of the following compounds are basic? A. alkenes B. alkynes C. amines D. alcohols

amines e.g NH3

The smell of rancid butter is due to the presence of butyric (butanoic) acid. What is the formula for this compound? A. C4H8O2 B. C4H10O C. C5H10O2 D. C5H12O

C4H8O2

The most notable difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat containing the same number of carbon atoms is that the saturated fat A. melts at a higher temperature. B. melts at a lower temperature. C. releases much more energy when metabolized. D. releases much less energy when metabolized.

melts at a higher temperature. Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature and typically have higher melting points