OC-2022 Flashcards
Which of the following LEAST describes an organic compound?
A. It always comes from a living source.
B. It is composed of covalently bonded carbon atoms.
C. Light molecular weight compounds are combustible.
D. None of the above
A. It always comes from a living source.
The vital force theory was disproved by the synthesis of which compound?
A. ethanol
B. cyanide
C. urea
D. ammonia
urea
What is the hybridization of the carbonyl carbon in acetone?
A. sp
B. sp2
C. sp3
D. sp3d2
sp2
Degree of Unsaturation
DoU is the no. of pi bonds and rings in a molecule
A. calculate max no. of H
B. subtract the given value divided by 2 to find the no. of rings/pi bond
C. if oxygen, ignore;
d. if halogen, +1
e. if nitrogen, -1
Hydroxyl Group
Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids, Phenols
Alkyl Group
hydrocarbon chain
Methyl, ethyl, isopropyl
Carbonyl Group
C double bond O
Aldehydes, Ketones
Carboxyl Group
carbonyl + hydroxyl (C double bond O + OH)
Amino Group
NH2 attached to carbon chain
Amide Group
carbonyl group + amine
Which of the following is NOT a constitutional isomer with the others? (???)
A. cyclohexene
B. 3-methylpentene
C. 2-hexyne
D. 1-hexene
A. Cyclohexene
What is the common name for ethenylbenzene?
A. styrene
B. cumene
C. xylene
D. limonene
styrene
Which of the following is a pair of stereoisomers?
A. 2-octene and 3-octene
B. D-glucose and L-gulose
C. cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene
D. hexanoic acid and heptanoic acid
C. cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene
Stereoisomers have the same molecular formula and connectivity of atoms but differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms.
Consitutional - diff in connectivity
Which of the following is NOT an aliphatic compound?
A. neopentane
8. cycloheptane
C. 3-heptyne
D. xylene
xylene
Which of the following is/are characteristics of an aromatic compound?
I. It is cyclic and planar.
II. It is completely conjugated.
III. It is composed of even- numbered carbon atoms.
I and II
Which of the following is arranged in order of increasing boiling point?
A. 2-methylbutane < n-pentane < butanone < butanol
B. n-pentane < 2-methylbutane butanone < butanol
C. 2-methylbutane < n-pentane < butanol < butanone
D. n-pentane 2-methylbutane butanol < butanone
2-methylbutane < n-pentane < butanone < butanol
Factors Affecting Boiling Point
1. Larger Size of Molecule = high BP
2. High Branching = low BP
3. Polarity - Dipole-dipole = high BP
4. Hydrogen Bonding = high BP
Which of the following solvents will butyric acid be most soluble?
A. CCl4
B. water
C. hexane
D. CH2Cl2
water
Among the Ortho, meta and para isomers of xylene, which has the highest boiling point?
A. ortho-xylene
B. meta-xylene
C. para-xylene
D. Ortho-xylene and para-xylene
ortho xylene
Which is the most acidic among the following compounds?
A. CH3OH
B. C6H5OH
C. CH3COOH
D. (CH3)3COH
CH3COOH
Acetic Acid
Carboxylic acids are generally stronger acids than alcohols
Which functional group is directly responsible for the flavors present in wine?
A. ester
B. ether
C. alcohol
D. anhydride
ester
Which of the following is used commonly as refrigerants?
A. alkyl ethers
B. alkyl esters
C. alkyl alcohols
D. alkyl halides
alkyl halides
Which of the following is NOT a step in addition polymerization?
A. initiation
B. substitution
C. propagation
D. termination
substitution
Which of the following is NOT a reagent for hydrogenation of an alkyne?
A. H2/Pd-c
B. H2/Lindlar
C. Na/NH3
D. BH3/H2O2, NaOH
BH3/H2O2, NaOH
Which alkyl halide will most readily react in SN1 reactions?
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. can be any
tertiary
Which of the following compounds is NOT produced from oxidation of alkenes?
A. ester
B. ketone
C. carboxylic acid
D carbon dioxide
ester
What is the product from the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of nitrobenzene?
A. ortho-n itrotoluene
B. meta-nitrotoluene
C. para-nitrotoluene
D. ortho-nitrotoluene and para- nitrotoluene
meta-nitrotoluene
An unknown alcohol was reacted with the Lucas reagent and the observation was the
immediate appearance of turbidity.
A. primary
B. secondary
C. tertiary
D. can be any
tertiary
Pyridinium cholorochromate (PCC) is a mild oxidizing agent. What is the product formed
when 1 -butanol reacts with PCC?
A. butanal
B. 2-butanone
C. butanoic acid
D. tert-butanol
butanal
since primary alcohol–> aldehyde
. What is the product when an aldehyde reacts with a Grignard reagent?
A. a secondary alcohol
B. an aldehyde
C. a ketone
D. an alkene
a secondary alcohol
grignard reagent- powerful nucleophile > aldehyde to secondary alcohol
. Which of the following indicates a positive observation for the iodoform test?
A. appearance of silver mirror
B. appearance of purple oily layer
C. appearance of yellow precipitate
D. appearance of colorless crystals
appearance of yellow precipitate
Acid chlorides are highly reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids that can
A. react with themselves to form ketones.
B. react with amines and alcohols to give amides and esters.
C. be made from alkyl alcohols by reaction with thionyl chloride.
D. be reduced to ketones with hydrogen and a platinum catalyst.
react with amines and alcohols to give amides and esters.
Acid + amine = amide
acid + alcohol = ester
What is the funnel used in suction filtration?
A. filter funnel
B. dropping funnel
C. thistle funnel
D. Büchner funnel
Büchner funnel
This is done during liquid-liquid extraction to release the pressure build up inside the
separatory funnel during shaking.
A- stirring
B. venting
C. drawing
D. salting out
venting
“release pressure”
Shake
Vent
Stand - break emulsion by salting out or stirring
Draw - open stopcok and drain lower layer
This method of distillation is suitable when the components of a mixture to be separated are
thermal-sensitive and could decompose at high temperatures.
A. steam distillation
B. simple distillation
C. fractional distillation
D. none of the above
steam distillation
Which of the following can be done to purify a synthesized solid product?
A. extraction
B. distillation
C. recrystallization
D. chromatography
recrystallization
- purify nonvolatile organic solids
In a calibration curve, absorbance is plotted against the _______ of an analyte.
A. pH
B. volume
C. concentration
D. redox potential
concentration
. In this chromatographic method, the sample may be gas or liquid injected into a gaseous
mobile phase.
A. gas chromatography
B. affinity chromatography
C. thin layer chromatography
D. high pressure liquid chromatography
gas chromatography
It is the more common form of high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) where the
stationary phase is nonpolar and the mobile phase is polar.
A. HPLC-MS
B. HPLC-NMR
C. normal-phase
D. reversed-phase
reversed-phase
at normal= SP is polar, MP is nonpolar
at reverse = SP is nonpolar, MP is polar
What is the most appropriate type of container to be used for acid and base wastes?
A. metal drums
B. fiber drums
C. polyethylene drums
D. tightly-sealed glass container
polyethylene
It is the highest concentration of a substance in the air that will produce a fire or explosion
when source of ignition such as heat, spark or flame is present.
A. lower flammable limit
B. upper flammable limit
C. reactivity limit
D. flash limit
upper flammable limit
In an MSDS Data Sheet, which of the following color symbolizes reactivity?
A. blue
B. red
C. yellow
D. white
yellow
Blue: Health hazard
Red: Flammability
Yellow: Reactivity (also called instability)
White: Special hazards (e.g., corrosive, radioactive)
According to the GHS, which of the following is not under the pictogram “Gas Cylinder”?
A. compressed gas
B. dissolved gas
C. liquefied gas
D. explosive gas
explosive gas
Water is a suitable solvent for the recrystallization of benzoic acid. HOW should be addition of
the solvent?
A. Add benzoic acid to minimum amount of hot water with stirring.
B. Add room temp water to benzoic acid while stirring until benzoic acid dissolves.
C. Add maximum amount Of hot water to benzoic acid while stirring.
D. Add small portions of hot water to benzoic acid while stirring until benzoic acid dissolves.
Add small portions of hot water to benzoic acid while stirring until benzoic acid dissolves.
Sample preparation technique used prior to instrumental analysis of metals.
A. sieving
B. clean-up
C. acid digestion
D. liquid-liquid extraction
acid digestion
breaking down complex matrices through acid to release metals to soln
A simple fractional tube is packed with which of the following?
A. wooden beads
B. plastic beads
C. metal beads
D. glass beads
glass beads
. The organic liquid in steam distillation vaporizes at
A. a lower temperature than its boiling point
B. a higher temperature than its boiling point
C. its boiling point
D. none of the above
lower temperature than its boiling point
distill before it decompose at normal boiling points
The chromaplate or thin layer chromatography plate is made up of
A. glass
B. wood
C. fiber
D. metal
glass
Retardation factor is the ratio of
A. distance moved by substance from base line to distance moved by the solvent from base line
B. distance moved by solvent from base line to distance moved by the substance from base line
C. distance moved by substance from top line to distance moved by the solvent from top line
D. distance moved by solvent from top line to distance moved by the substance from top line
distance moved by substance from base line to distance moved by the solvent from base line
RF = dcomponent /dsolvent from the baseline
Which of the following is FALSE regarding galvanic cells?
A. TO set up this cell, a salt bridge is used.
B. The reactions taking place are non-spontaneous.
C. It converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
D. The electrolytes used in the compartments are different.
The reactions taking place are non-spontaneous.
galvanic (or voltaic) cell, the reactions are spontaneous, meaning they occur naturally and release energy.
. During electroplating of silver, the silver ions are reduced at the
A. anode
B. cathode
C. electrolyte solution
D. none of the above
cathode
Oxidation - Anode
Reduction - Cathode
A cell is prepared by dipping a copper rod in 1 M cuS04 solution and an iron rod in 2 M
FeS04 solution. Identify the anode and cathode.
A. anode-copper; cathode-iron
B. anode-iron; cathode-copper
C. anode-copper; cathode-copper
D. anode-iron; cathode-iron
anode-iron; cathode-copper
iron is mas reactive = oxiation = anode
Which of the following is the principle of Atomic Absorption spectroscopy?
A. Color is measured.
B. Color is simply observed.
C. Medium absorbs radiation and transmitted radiation is measured.
D. Radiation is absorbed by non-excited atoms in vapor state and are excited to
higher states.
Radiation is absorbed by non-excited atoms in vapor state and are excited to
higher states.
Which of the following statements about mass spectroscopy is(are) correct?
l. Analyte molecules are converted to gaseous ions.
ll. The ions are separated according to their mass to charge ratio.
Ill. The addition of compound identification mass spectra can be utilized to determine precise
isotopic masses and isotopic ratios.
I, Il, and Ill
IR spectroscopy is useful for determining certain aspects of the structure of organic
compounds because
A. All molecular bonds absorb IR radiation.
B. IR peak intensities are related to molecular mass.
C. Each element absorbs at a characteristic wavelength.
D. Most organic functional groups absorb in characteristic region of IR spectrum.
Most organic functional groups absorb in characteristic region of IR spectrum.
Determine which compound will have the following IR peaks: 3020-3100 and 1650-1670
cm-1
A. cyclohexane
B. cyclohexene
C. 3-hexyne
D. n-hexane
cyclohexene
3020-3100 cm?¹: C–H stretching of sp² hybridized carbons,
1650-1670 cm?¹: C=C double bond stretch, characteristic of alkenes.
The region of electromagnetic spectrum for NMR is
A. IR
B. UV-Vis
C. Microwave
D. Radio frequency
D. Radio frequency
Which list below gives only spin active nuclei?
A. 1H, 2H, 12C
B. 1H, 12C, 19F
C. 1H, 13C, 19F
D. 2H, 12C, 19F
H, 13C, 19F
spin active = non zero nuclear spin
if proton and neutron is even = zero nuclear spin
Which of the following is(are) application(s) of ion exchange chromatography?
A. Softening Of hard water
B. Demineralization of water
C. Separation and determination of anions
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which of the following is widely used for the separation/purification of specific
biomolecules? This relies on the highly specific binding between an analyte and its counterpart.
A. Chiral chromatography
B. Affinity chromatography
C. Ion exchange chromatography
D. Ion exclusion chromatography
affinity chromatography
“specific binding”
What must be done to the solid samples for it to be introduced into the column without using
solid injection syringes in gas chromatography?
A. dissolved in volatile liquids
B. introduced using sampling loops
C. introduced using rotary sample valve
D. introduced in hot-zone of the column
dissolved in volatile liquids
Which of the following is NOT an ideal characteristic of a detector used in gas
chromatography?
A. high reliability
B. short response time
C. linear response to the solutes
D. sensitive to the changes in the flow rate of a carrier gas
sensitive to the changes in the flow rate of a carrier gas
Which of the following detectors is widely used to detect environmental samples like
chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls?
A. Flame ionization detector
B. Electron capture detector
C. Thermionic specific detector
D. Thermal conductivity detector
Electron capture detector
halogenated, nitro groups, highly conjugated, aromatic compounds
Which of the following is NOT true about the guard column used in liquid chromatography?
A. It extends the lifespan of the separation column.
B. It filters particles that clog the separation column.
C. The size of packing varies with the type of protection needed.
D. It allows entry of particles that cause precipitation upon contact with stationary or mobile
phase.
It allows entry of particles that cause precipitation upon contact with stationary or mobile
phase.
Which of the following columns are not used in liquid or high performance liquid
chromatography?
A. guard column
B. capillary column
C. analytical column
D. separation column
capillary column
Electrophiles are
A. electron-poor species
B. electron-rich species
C. positively charged ions
D. electrically neutral species
A. electron-poor species
Chlorination of alkanes is what type of reaction?
A. elimination
B. rearrangement
C. electrophilic addition
D. free-radical substitution
free-radical substitution
Which of these compounds exist as cis and trans isomers?
A. dichlorobenzene
B. 1-chloropropene
C. dichloroethyne
D. 1,2-dichloropropane
B. 1-chloropropene
Cis-trans
1. FOR ALKENES
2. NOT terminal alkenes
3. NOT disubstituted
4. R1 is not equal to R2 and R3 is not equal to R4
Which compound will rapidly decolorize Br2 in CHCl3?
A. Hexane
B. benzene
C. 1-hexene
D. cyclohexane
1-hexene
Baeyer’s reagent is used to characterize alkenes. Which of the following is Baeyer’s reagent?
A. Neutral solution of HCI
B. Alcoholic solution of carbonate
C. Ammoniacal solution of silver nitrate
D. Aqueous solution of potassium permanganate
Aqueous solution of potassium permanganate
In what way does the reactivity of CH3C?CH differ from CH3CH=CH2?
A. Propyne is deprotonated by NaNH2, while propene is not.
B. Propyne does not react with bromine, while propene reacts readily with bromine
C. Propyne undergoes catalytic hydrogenation over platinum, while propene does
D. Propyne is readily hydrated at pH = 0, while propene is not.
Propyne is deprotonated by NaNH2, while propene is not.
Which of the following is an aromatic compound?
A. acetylene
B. acetone
C. styrene
D. polyethylene
styrene
aromatic - cyclic
Which of the following is the most activating in electrophilic aromatic substitution?
A. -NO2
B. -NHCOCH3
C. -CN
D. -NH2
-NH2
Amino group - strongly activating
Which of the following is the rate determining step in electrophilic aromatic substitution?
A. generation of the electrophile
B. addition of the electrophile on benzene’s bond to form a carbocation
C. loss of a proton to re-form the aromatic ring
D. none of the above
B. addition of the electrophile on benzene’s bond to form a carbocation
Which of the following CANNOT be a product of the reaction of benzene with CH3Cl and
AICl3?
A. toluene
B. isopropyl benzene
C. o-xylene
D. p-xylene
isopropyl benzene
ONLY methyl can be added in the rxn NOT OH-
Alkyl halides are very reactive towards nucleophiles because
A. they have a nucleophilic carbon and a good leaving group.
B. they have a nucleophilic carbon and a poor leaving group.
C. they have an electrophilic carbon and a good leaving group.
D. they have an electrophilic carbon and a poor leaving group.
C. they have an electrophilic carbon and a good leaving group.
SN2 means
A. two-step nucleophilic substitution involving both alkyl halide and nucleophile
B. one-step nucleophilic substitution involving both alkyl halide and nucleophile
C. two-step nucleophilic substitution involving only the alkyl halide
D. one-step nucleophilic substitution involving only the nucleophile
one-step nucleophilic substitution involving both alkyl halide and nucleophile
Which of the following alkyl halides can undergo both SN1 and SN2 reactions?
A. CH3X
B. (CH3)2CHX
C. (CH3)3CX
D. (CH3)3CCH2X
B. (CH3)2CHX
Secondary halides can undergo both SN1 and SN2 reactions.
Which compound has the highest boiling point?
A. CH3CH2CH3
B. CH3OCH2CH3
C. CH3COCH3
D. CH3CH2CH2OH
D. CH3CH2CH2OH
Which of the following reactions will NOT produce aldehydes?
A. ozonolysis of alkenes
B. hydration of alkynes
C. oxidation of primary alcohols
D. dehydration of secondary alcohols
dehydration of secondary alcohols
forms alkenes not aldehydes
Carbon is found in the highest oxidation state in which of these classes of organic
compounds?
A. alkynes
B. alcohols
C. aldehydes
D. carboxylic acids
carboxylic acids
Which reaction could occur between acetic acid and ethanol?
A. addition
B. esterification
C. neutralization
D. oxidation
esterification
Which of the following reagents can be used to distinguish between phenol and carboxylic
acid?
A. aqueous NaCl
B. aqueous NaOH
C. aqueous FeCl3
D. Tollens reagent
aqueous FeCl3
Carboxylic acids are more acidic than phenols and alcohols because of
A. formation of dimers
B. highly acidic hydrogen
C. intermolecular hydrogen bonding
D. resonance stabilization of their conjugate
base
resonance stabilization of their conjugate
base
Solvent extraction is more effective when the extraction is repeated with
A. extra solvent
B. large solvent
C. small solvent
D. no solvent
small solvent
The insoluble impurities during recrystallization are removed by
A. hot gravity filtration
B. vacuum filtration
C. cooling
D. drying
hot gravity filtration
Steam baths are often used to heat volatile, non-aqueous, flammable solvents because of the
following EXCEPT
A. Can only heat up to 100’C so no
overheating occurs in the compounds of the
sample
B. Flash fires are unlikely in most solvents
C. Overheating is possible
D. Provides instant heat
Overheating is possible
The beads in a fractional column are for
A. vapors to condense
B. vapors to evaporate
C. vapors to generate
D. all of the mentioned
A. vapors to condense
Fractional distillation is a process of separation of which of the following?
A. two immiscible liquids
B. one miscible and one immiscible liquid
C. two miscible liquids
D. none of the above
two miscible liquids
What is the advantage of steam distillation?
A. Reduces decomposition of temperature-sensitive compounds
B. Reduces decomposition of inorganic compounds
C. Increases the decomposition of temperature-sensitive compounds
D. Increases the decomposition of inorganic compounds
Reduces decomposition of temperature-sensitive compounds
Which of the following is NOT true about steam distillation?
A. very long extraction times
B. very short extraction times
C. high energy consumption
D. no need for subsequent separation steps
. very short extraction times
Which of the following is the correct way to determine the boiling point of an unknown
compound?
A. Heating a compound to boiling and measuring the temperature of the hot plate.
B. Heating a compound to near boiling and placing the thermometer in the liquid.
C. Boiling a compound and placing the thermometer in the refluxing vapor.
D. Boiling a compound and placing the thermometer in the boiling liquid.
Boiling a compound and placing the thermometer in the refluxing vapor.
The principle of TLC is that
A. Different compounds are absorbed on an absorbent to different degrees.
B. Different compounds are absorbed on an absorbent to same degrees.
C. Different compounds are adsorbed on an adsorbent to different degrees.
D. Different compounds are absorbed on an absorbent to same degrees.
C. Different compounds are adsorbed on an adsorbent to different degrees.
Which of the following statements about visualization during TLC is TRUE?
A. Spots of colorless compounds are invisible to the eyes.
B. Spots can be detected by putting the plate under ultraviolet light.
C. Spots can be detected by placing the plate in a covered jar containing iodine crystals.
D. All Of the above.
D. All Of the above.
Amino acids can be detected by spraying the stationary phase with ninhydrin solution. This
can be done in
A. gas chromatography
B. paper chromatography
C. liquid chromatography
D. column chromatography
paper chromatography
“spraying the stationary space w/ a solution)
Karl Fischer titration, which determines trace amounts of water in a sample, uses which
electrochemical method?
A. Potentiometry
B. Coulometry
C. Voltammetry
D. Iodometry
Coulometry
“trace amounts of water”
. Which of the following is NOT a common method used for purification?
A. Electrolysis
B. Sublimation
C. Crystallization
D. Chromatography
Electrolysis
An institution that handles chemicals relies on the to make the initial determination of
whether a waste is hazardous and to label the waste accordingly?
A. Laboratory safety manager
B. Department of Environmental and
Natural Resources
C. Principal Investigator
D. Plant Safety Officer
B. Department of Environmental and
Natural Resources
What should you do when a waste container has a minor leak?
A. Patch up the container.
B. Transfer to another container.
C. Call your PCO to report in a regulatory body.
D. Put the container with leak in a bigger container.
Transfer to another container.
A technical document, which is GHS compliant, that contains all the information related to
the health hazard, storage, precautionary measures, emergency procedures, etc. when handling
chemicals.
A. Safety Data Sheet
B. Chemical Data Sheet
C. Material Safety Data Sheet
D. Chemical Safety Data Sheet
Safety Data Sheet
not about the material
It has the highest temperature characteristics of any glass. Its maximum continuous use
temperature is approximately 9000C. It has a near zero thermal expansion and so is extremely
thermal shock resistant. It is also chemically inert to most substances except for a few substances
including hydrofluoric acid and hot potassium hydroxide.
A. lime glass
B. lead glass
C. borosilicate
D. fused quartz
fused quartz
Which of the following demonstrates proper drying of cuvette?
A. dry using a desiccator
B. place in an oven to dry overnight
C. blot on absorbing towel or tissue paper and allow to air dry
D. none of the above
C. blot on absorbing towel or tissue paper and allow to air dry
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of Beer-Lambert’s law?
A. Light must be of a narrow wavelength range and preferably monochromatic.
B. Presence of fluorescent molecule in solution may interfere in the final absorbance of solution.
C. At high concentration, molecules may polymerize and thereby affecting absorption of
solution.
D. Beer-Lambert’s law does not form the quantitative basis for all types of absorption
spectroscopy.
D. Beer-Lambert’s law does not form the quantitative basis for all types of absorption
spectroscopy.
Which species of the following is used to bombard with the sample for which mass
spectroscopy has been performed?
A. alpha particles
B. neutrons
C. electrons
D. protons
electrons
In the past, IR spectra had to be acquired one wavelength at a time, which took a long time.
Today spectra can be acquired faster due to the
A. light is faster today that it used to be
B. absence of broad spectrum of wavelength
C. Fourier Transfer algorithm which allows to scan all frequencies at once
D. none of the above
C. Fourier Transfer algorithm which allows to scan all frequencies at once
What compound is possibly shown in an infrared spectrum with peaks of 3000 and 1650 cm?
A. cyclohexane
B. cyclohexene
C. benzene
D. acetone
B. cyclohexene
should be an alkene
What is the correct increasing order of stretching frequencies for C?C, C=C and C-C?
A. C-C > C=C > C?C
B. C?C > C=C > C-C
c. C-C > C=C < C?C
D. C?C < C-C > C=C
C?C > C=C > C-C
stretching frequencies = bond length = high order = short bond length
NMR spectroscopy indicates the chemical nature of the ______ and spatial positions of ____
A. Electrons, Protons
B. Neutrons, electrons
C. Nuclei, electrons
D. Nuclei, neighboring nuclei
D. Nuclei, neighboring nuclei
In the IR spectrum of compound, there is a strong absorption at 1718 cm-I in addition to
bands at 2978 and 2940 cm-1 and bands below 1500 cm-1. The 1 H NMR spectrum shows two
signals: a quartet and a triplet with relative integrals of 2:3. Determine the molecular formula of
compound X.
A. CH3CH2CO2H
B. CH3CH2OCH2CH3
C. CH3CH2COCH2CH3
D. CH3CH2OH
CH3CH2COCH2CH3
quartet = ch2
triplet =ch3
Chromatography is used to
A. Separate two or more compounds based on their polarities.
B. Separate two or more compounds based on their masses.
C. Separate two or more compounds based on how strongly they interact with other compounds.
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Which type of chromatography is used for structural analysis?
A. Affinity chromatography
B. Partition chromatography
C. Column chromatography
D. Paper chromatography
D. Paper chromatography
Which of the following can be separated using column chromatography?
A. sugar derivatives
B. hydrolyzed peptides
C. inorganic complex ions
D. chlorophylls and carotenoids
chlorophylls and carotenoids
Affinity chromatography is used for the analysis and isolation of
A. starch
B. tyrosinase
C. antibodies
D. all of the mentioned
all of the mentioned
Which of the following is useful for the separation of low molecular weight gases?
A. Gas-solid chromatography
B. Gas-liquid chromatography
C. Liquid-liquid chromatography
D. Thin layer chromatography
Gas-solid chromatography
The analysis and separation of industrial products like soap and synthetic detergents is done
using
A. Thin layer chromatography
B. Gas chromatography
C. Partition chromatography
D. Ion exchange chromatography
Gas chromatography
Ion exchange particles carry fixed positive or negative charges. A sulfonic acid type resin has
S03-H+ groups were H+ can be exchanged for
A. cations
B. anions
C. small cations and large anions
D. small anions and large cations
A. cations
Which of the following is NOT an application of high performance liquid chromatography?
A. Separation of pharmaceutical drugs
B. Analysis of proteins, drugs and explosives
C. Separation of lipids, fatty acids and steroids
D. Elimination of undesirable substances from blood
Elimination of undesirable substances from blood
How many different structural isomers exist for dichloropropane, C3H6Cl2?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
4
How many different alcohols (not including stereoisomers) have the molecular formula
C4H10O?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
4
All of the formulas below correspond to stable compounds EXCEPT
A. CH20
B. CH30
C. CH202
D.CH40
B. CH30
Which of the following is(are) polar?
I. CO
ll. COCl2
Ill. CH2Cl2
A. I only
B. I and Il only
C. I and Ill only
D. Il and Ill only
D. Il and Ill only
Identify the incorrect statement regarding cycloalkanes.
A. They have sp3 hybridized carbons.
B. They have tetrahedral bond angles.
C. Their stability varies directly with their respective size.
D. They undergo reactions similar to that of alkanes.
They have tetrahedral bond angles.
. Select the incorrect statement regarding alkenes.
A. In alkenes, the carbons are connected by bonds.
B. Alkenes have almost same physical properties as that of the alkanes.
C. Alkenes are less reactive than alkanes.
D. Alkenes undergo polymerization reaction.
Alkenes are less reactive than alkanes.
When ethyne is subjected to ozonolysis, what is the end product?
A. formic acid
B. acetic acid
C. oxalic acid
D. glucose
formic acid
Which of the compounds below will react readily with chlorine by addition?
I. C2H2 (ethyne)
ll. C2H4 (ethene)
Ill. C6H6 (benzene)
A. I only
B. I and Il only
C. Il and Ill only
D. l, Il, and Ill
I and Il only
Benzene typically participates in electrophilic aromatic substitution rather than addition reactions.
What is the order of reactivity of the following compounds in EAS?
l. benzene
ll. toluene
Ill. phenol
IV. benzoic acid
Phenol > Toluene > Benzene > Benzoic Acid
• Phenol: Hydroxyl (-OH) = Electron-donating group • Toluene: Methyl (-CH₃) = Electron-donating group • Benzene: Less reactive than toluene (no substituent) • Benzoic Acid: Carboxyl group (-COOH) = Electron-withdrawing group
What are the reagents needed in bromination of benzene via EAS?
A. Bromine in H20
B. Bromine in CH3Cl
C. Bromine in CH2Cl2
D. Bromine and FeBr3
Bromine and FeBr3
What occurs during an electrophilic aromatic substitution?
A. [1] addition [2] hydrolysis
B. [1] elimination [2] addition
C. [1] addition [2] deprotonation
D. [1] substitution [2] rearrangement
C. [1] addition [2] deprotonation
Which of the following is NOT true for SN1 reactions?
A. They occur through a single step concerted reaction.
B. They are favored by polar protic solvents.
C. Tertiary alkyl halides generally react through this mechanism.
D. Concentration of nucleophile does not affect the rate of such reactions.
A. They occur through a single step concerted reaction.
Sn1 - two step - polar protic
Sn2 - one step - polar aprotic
A low concentration of nucleophile favors
A. SN1
B. SN2
C. Both SN1 and SN2
D. Neither SN1 nor SN2
D. Neither SN1 nor SN2
Which statement(s) about substitution reactions are correct?
l. The reaction between NaOH and I-chloropentane predominantly follows an SN2 mechanism.
ll. The reaction between NaOH and 2-chloro-2-methylbutane predominantly follows an SN2
mechanism.
Ill. The reaction between NaOH with I-chloropentane occurs at a slower rate than with I
bromopentane.
A. land Il
B. I and Ill
C. Il and Ill
D. I, Il and Ill
B. I and Ill
Which of the following alcohols would be most soluble in water?
A. Propanol
B. Hexanol
C. Pentanol
D. Butanol
propanol
as the carbon length increases = hydrophobic nature increases
short carbon = less hydrophobic
The major reason that phenol is a better Bronsted acid than cyclohexanol is
A. it is a better proton donor.
B. the pi electrons stabilize the phenoxide ion by resonance.
C. the phenyl group is an electron withdrawing group by induction, which stabilizes the anion
formed in the reaction.
D. the cyclohexyl group is an electron donating group by induction, which destabilizes the anion
formed in the reaction.
the pi electrons stabilize the phenoxide ion by resonance.
When aldehydes and ketones react via nucleophilic addition, they are converted to
A. alkanes
B. alkenes
C. ethers
D. alcohols
D. alcohols
What is the IUPAC name for CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO?
A. pentanal
B. I-pentanol
C. I-pentanone
D. pentanoic acid
A. pentanal
Which of these compounds contain a carboxy group?
A. propanol
B. propanal
C. propanone
D. propanoic acid
D. propanoic acid
Which family of compounds is most frequently used as flavoring agents?
A. acids
B. alkenes
C. esters
D. ethers
C. esters
Calculate the percent yield when 0.5 mol of acetic acid reacts with 1 mol of alcohol produces 0.25 mol of ethyl acetate.
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%
B. 50%
limiting reactant: acetic acid
. Which of the following compounds are basic?
A. alkenes
B. alkynes
C. amines
D. alcohols
amines
e.g NH3
The smell of rancid butter is due to the presence of butyric (butanoic) acid. What is the formula for this compound?
A. C4H8O2
B. C4H10O
C. C5H10O2
D. C5H12O
C4H8O2
The most notable difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fat containing the same
number of carbon atoms is that the saturated fat
A. melts at a higher temperature.
B. melts at a lower temperature.
C. releases much more energy when metabolized.
D. releases much less energy when metabolized.
melts at a higher temperature.
Saturated fats tend to be solid at room temperature and typically have higher melting points
