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Chemistry C1 > Obtaining and using metals > Flashcards

Obtaining and using metals Flashcards

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1
Q

How are metals found

A

Some unreactive ones are found uncombined such as gold

Most metals are found in ores but there’s s limited amount so they’re finite resources

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2
Q

How is a metal ore formed

A

Oxidation
The gain of oxygen
2mg + o -> 2MgO

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3
Q

How is a metal extracted from its ore

A

Reduction
Loss of oxygen
2CuO + C -> 2Cu + CO2

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4
Q

What is the reactivity series

A 
Potassium 
Sodium 
Calcium 
Magnesium 
Aluminium 
CARBON
Zinc 
iron 
tin 
lead
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5
Q

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted

A

By electrolysis

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6
Q

How are metals less reactive than carbon extracted from their ore

A

By heating them with carbon in a displacement reaction

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7
Q

Iron(III) oxide + carbon

A

Iron + carbon dioxide

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8
Q

What is the formula for iron (III) oxide

A

2Fe2O3

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9
Q

How is electrolysis used to remove aluminium from its core

A

Al2O3 is found in bauxite
It is melted and used as the electrolyte
Aluminium and oxygen atoms are formed the Aluminium sinks to the bottom of the tank as molten aluminium metal

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10
Q

What are the properties of metals

A

They’re strong but can be bent or hammered into different shapes so are good for car bodies and bridges

Good conductors of heat so good for sauce pans and electricity so good for electrical wires

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11
Q

What are the properties of aluminium

A

Low density
Resistant to corrosion
Not that strong but forms strong alloys

Used for window frames electricity cables and aircraft

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12
Q

What are the properties of copper

A

Hard
Strong
High melting point
Good conductor of electricity

Doesn’t react with water so can be used for water pipes
Used in electrical wires

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13
Q

What are the properties of gold

A

Shiny
Very easy to shape
Unreactive

Used in jewellery tooth filling and electrical circuits

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14
Q

What is corrosion

A

Some metals corrode over time when they become oxidised

Metals high in the reactivity series are more likely to corrode because they react more easily with water

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15
Q

What is rust

A

When iron corrodes it combines with water and oxygen and forms hydrated iron(III) oxide

Iron + oxygen + water -> hydrated iron (III) oxide

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16
Q

Why is pure iron not good

A

When iron is extracted it is impure and brittle so can be used for ornamental railings but has not other uses
When the impurities are removed the pure iron has atoms arranged in layers that DNA easily slide over each other so it is soft and too bendy for most uses

17
Q

What is an alloy

A

A mixture of two or more metals or a mixture of a metal and a non metal

18
Q

Why are alloys better

A

The different sized particles disrupt the layers so it’s much harder for the layers to slide over each other making it less bendy

19
Q

What are gold alloys used for

A

To make jewellery
The proportion of pure gold is in carats
Pure gold is 24 carat

20
Q

What are smart alloys

A

They have shape memory so remember their original shape
Eg nitinol is a mixture of nickel and titanium
If you bend this wire it will go back to its original shape when heated
They’re used in glasses frames and in stents used to keep blood vessels open

21
Q

Why is it important to recycle metals

A

It uses less resources because there’s s limited amount of metal in the earth

It uses less energy because extracting metals takes up lots of energy that comes from burning fossil fuels

It is much cheaper

It creates much less rubbish and reduces the amount that goes to landfill and pollutes the surrounding

22
Q

What are the benefits of recycling

A

Every one kg of aluminium cans recycled saves
95% of the energy
4kg of aluminium ore
Lots of waste

23
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

A chemical made of hydrogen and carbon only

24
Q

What is a crude oil

A

A mixture of different sized hydrocarbon molecules

25
Q

What happens in fractional distillation

A

Heated crude oil is piped in at the bottom and the vaporised oil rises up and condenses at different layers

26
Q

Describe bitumen

A

Comes from the bottom of the fractional distillation column

40 carbon atoms

Used to surface roads and roofs

27
Q

Describe fuel oils

A

Condenses at 340c second in the distillation column

Used as fuel for ships and in some power stations

35 carbon atoms

28
Q

Describe diesel

A

Condenses at 250c third in the column

20 carbon atoms

Used as fuel for lorries trains and some cars

29
Q

Describe kerosene

A

Condenses at 180c and fourth in the column

15 carbon atoms

Used as aircraft fuel

30
Q

Describe naphtha

A

Condenses at 110c fifth in the column

10 carbon atoms

Used as lighter fluid and in the chemical industry

31
Q

Describe petrol

A

Condenses at 40c fifth in the column

8 carbon atoms

Used as fuel for cars

32
Q

Describe gases

A

Top of the column

3 carbon atoms

Used for cooking and heating

Chemistry C1 (5 decks)

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