Materials From The Earth

Question 1

How is sedimentary rock rock formed

Answer 1

When layers of sediment are layers down at the bottom of lakes or seas
Over millions of years the layers get pressed down and buried under more layers pressing out the water
Fluids flowing through the pores deposit natural mineral cements

Question 2

What are examples of sedimentary rock

Answer 2

Limestone and chalk
They contain fossils because there’s no high temperature so they don’t get destroyed
They can easily be eroded which causes changes in the landscape

Question 3

How is metamorphic rock formed

Answer 3

Because of the immense heat and pressure on sedimentary or igneous rock over time
The mineral structure and texture is changed but the chemical composition is still the same
As long as the rocks don’t melt they’re classed as metamorphic but once they melt and resurface

Question 4

What are examples of metamorphic rock

Answer 4

Marble is formed from limestone or chalk it has a more even texture and is much harder
Slate

Question 5

How is extrusive igneous made

Answer 5

Igneous forms when molten magma pushes up into the crust then cools and solidifies forming crystals
Extrusive igneous cools quickly above ground forming small crystals

Question 6

How is intrusive igneous made

Answer 6

When the rocks cool slowly underground and form big crystals

Question 7

What are the examples of Intrusive igneous

Answer 7

Granite and gabbro

Question 8

What are the examples of extrusive igneous

Answer 8

Basalt and rhyolite

Question 9

What is limestone used for

Answer 9

Building blocks
Cathedrals and statues
Crushed for road clippings and road surfaces
Heated with powdered clay to make cement
Heated with sand and sodium carbonate to make glass

Question 10

Why is acid rain bad for limestone

Answer 10

It is almost insoluble in plain water but it dissolves in acid rain

Question 11

Why is quarrying limestone bad

Answer 11

It makes big ugly holes which damage the landscape
There’s lots of noise and dust
Destroys the habitats of animals and birds
it has to be transported away causing noise and pollution
Waste materials cause unsightly tips

Question 12

What are the good things about quarrying limestone

Answer 12

It provides things people want like houses and roads
It is used to neutralise acidic soil and acid rain
Used in power stations to neutralise sulfur dioxide
The quarry and businesses provide jobs for people and bring money tot he local economy which can lead to local improvements
Once complete landscaping and restoration is required

Question 13

What is limestone

Answer 13

Calcium carbonate

CaCO3

Question 14

What is thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate

Answer 14

Calcium carbonate -> calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

CaCO3 -> CaO + CO2

Question 15

What is thermal decomposition of copper carbonate

Answer 15

Copper carbonate ->copper oxide + carbon dioxide

CuCO3 -> CuO + CO2

Copper carbonate is green
Copper oxide is black

Question 16

What is thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate

Answer 16

Zinc carbonate -> zinc oxide + carbon dioxide

ZnCO3 -> ZnO + CO2

Question 17

How do you thermally decompose a carbonate

Answer 17

Heat the carbonate in a boiling tube and pipe off the gas into a test tube filled with lime water the co2 will turn the lime water milky

Question 18

What happens when you add water to calcium oxide

Answer 18

Calcium oxide + water -> calcium hydroxide

Question 19

What is calcium hydroxide used for

Answer 19

It is an alkali so can be used to neutralise acidic soil in fields it’s much faster than calcium oxide
It dissolves in water to produce lime water

Question 20

What are atoms

Answer 20

The smallest particle you can get of each element

Question 21

What happens to the mass of you do a reaction in a sealed container

Answer 21

The total mass doesn’t change

This can be shown using a precipitation reaction

Question 22

What do the state symbols mean

Answer 22

S solid
L liquid
G gas
Aq dissolved in water