Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Flashcards
What is obstructive sleep apnoea?
This is intermittent airway collapse during sleep
Causes intermittent arousals and fragmented sleep
Describe the affect of obstructive sleep apnoea on the body?
Suspension of breathing (Apnoea)
Shallow breathing causes low level of oxygen (hypoxia)
Risk factors for Sleep Apnoea?
Enlarged Tonsils
Obesity
Drugs
Anaesthetic
Consequences of Sleep Apnoea?
Daily Sleepiness
Cognitive impairment
Personality changes
Hypertension
How is Sleep Apnoea diagnosed?
Epworth Sleepiness Score
Sleep Study
Treatment for Sleep Apnoea?
Treat underlying cause
CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)
Mandibular Advancement Device
Surgery
Types of Sleep Apnoea?
Obstructive and Central
Describe the difference between the two types of Sleep Apnoea?
Obstructive is the absence of airflow with continued respiratory drive
Central is the absence of airflow due to loss of central respiratory drive
Describe Obstructive Sleep Apnoea - Epidemiology
Most common in males Most common form Obesity Age Alcohol Hypertension
Describe how obstructive sleep apnoea happens?
Normal decrease in upper airway muscle tone due to sleep is coupled with abnormally large tonsils/obesity
Treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea?
CPAP
Lose Weight
Reduce Alcohol Consumption
Describe Central Sleep Apnoea
Less common
Patients may have daytime hypercapnia
What is the type of breathing in Central Sleep Apnoea?
Cheyne-Strokes respiration
Therapy for Central Sleep Apnoea?
Respiratory Stimulant
NIPPV (non-invasive positive pressure ventilation)
Treat underlying condition
