Lung Cancer Flashcards
Risk factors in long cancer?
Smoking
Asbestos
Metal Exposure
Describe the different ways lung cancer can present? (Eg: Form of lung cancer)
Primary Tumour
Local Invasion
Metastases - Lymph + Blood
Systemic Effects
What are the symptoms?
Haemoptysis
Recurrent Pneumonia
Stridor
Clinical Signs of Local Invasion? (Signs and Explanation)
Hoarse voice due to invasion of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
AF due to invasion of the pericardium
Pericardial Effusion due to pericardial invasion
Dysphagia caused by local invasion of the Oesophagus
Weakness of the arm caused by invasion of the brachial plexus by Pancoast tumour
Pleural effusion caused by local invasion of the pleural cavity
Clinical Signs of Local Invasion
Hoarse Voice AF Pleural Effusion Pericardial Effusion Dysphagia Arm Weakness
Common sites for metastases?
Liver Lung Bone Skin Adrenal
Describe brain metastases from Lung Cancer?
Comes on slowly, presents as visual weakness and headaches (Worse in the morning)
‘Ring enhancing lesion’
Describe liver metastases from Lung Cancer?
Normally painless
Can present as obstructive jaundice
Describe bone metastases from lung cancer?
Low impact injuries cause fractures
Describe left adrenal metastases from Lung cancer?
May cause a hormonal effect
Describe the paraneoplastic effects of Lung Cancer?
Clubbing
Thrombophelbitis
Weight Loss
Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoparthy
Investigations for Lung cancer?
FBC
CXR
CT Scan
Bronchoscopy and Biopsy
Describe a classical presentation of lung cancer?
SMOKER PRESENTS WITH HAEMOPYTSIS, WEIGHT LOSS AND AN ABNORMAL CXR
Describe the two ways that lung cancer can present?
Benign, Malignant and Mesastases (Very common)
Rare) (Common
What are the types of Cancer tumour?
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous Carcinoma
Small Cell Carcinoma
