Obstructive sleep apnoea Flashcards
Obstructive sleep apnoea
Collapse of pharyngeal airway during sleep
Characterised by apnoea episodes
Risk factors
Middle age
Male
Obesity
Alcohol
Smoking
Macroglossia: acromegaly, hypothyroidism, amyloidosis
Marfan’s
Large tonsils
Features
Apnoea during sleep
Snoring
Morning headache
Waking up unrefreshed from sleep
Daytime sleepiness
Concentration problems
Reduced oxygen sats during sleep
Consequences
Daytime somnolence
Compensated respiratory acidosis
Hypertension
Assessment of sleepiness
Epworth sleepiness scale (questionnaire)
Multiple sleep latency test (measure time to fall asleep in dark room and uses EEG criteria)
Diagnostic tests
Polysomnography
Management
Referral to ENT specialist or specialist sleep clinic
Weight loss
CPAP first line for moderate or severe
Intra-oral devices if CPAP not tolerated and mild
DVLA should be informed if causing excessive daytime sleepiness