Obstructive sleep apnoea Flashcards

1
Q

Obstructive sleep apnoea

A

Collapse of pharyngeal airway during sleep

Characterised by apnoea episodes

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2
Q

Risk factors

A

Middle age

Male

Obesity

Alcohol

Smoking

Macroglossia: acromegaly, hypothyroidism, amyloidosis

Marfan’s

Large tonsils

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3
Q

Features

A

Apnoea during sleep

Snoring

Morning headache

Waking up unrefreshed from sleep

Daytime sleepiness

Concentration problems

Reduced oxygen sats during sleep

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4
Q

Consequences

A

Daytime somnolence

Compensated respiratory acidosis

Hypertension

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5
Q

Assessment of sleepiness

A

Epworth sleepiness scale (questionnaire)

Multiple sleep latency test (measure time to fall asleep in dark room and uses EEG criteria)

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6
Q

Diagnostic tests

A

Polysomnography

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7
Q

Management

A

Referral to ENT specialist or specialist sleep clinic

Weight loss

CPAP first line for moderate or severe

Intra-oral devices if CPAP not tolerated and mild

DVLA should be informed if causing excessive daytime sleepiness

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