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COMAT - Family Med > Obstructive Lung Diseases > Flashcards

Obstructive Lung Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 obstructive lung diseases

A

Asthma
COPD
Bronchiectasis

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2
Q

What mediates Asthma?

A

IgE-mast cell mediated

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3
Q

What are some common triggers for Asthma?

A

URI’s
Allergens
Cold air
Exercise

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4
Q

What will the FEV1/FVC ratio be with Obstructive Lung Diseases?

A

LOW = < 70%

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5
Q

What will the FEV1/FVC ratio be with Obstructive Lung DIseases?

A

LOW = < 70%

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6
Q

Asthma is reversible, unlike the other conditions. When you administer a beta agonist, what will happen to the FEV1?

A

> 12% increase in FEV1

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7
Q

If you are unsure if someone has asthma, what drug can induce symptoms? What will happen to the FEV1?

A

Methacholine (muscarinic agonist)
= FEV1 decreases by > 20%

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8
Q

Describe Mild Intermittent Asthma

A
  • Symptoms/SABA use < 2 days/week
  • Night symptoms < 2 nights/month
    ** FEV1 > 80%
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9
Q

What is the treatment for Mild Intermittent Asthma?

A

SABA
- Symptoms/SABA use < 2 days/week
- Night symptoms < 2 nights/month
** FEV1 > 80%

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10
Q

Describe Mild Persistent Asthma

A
  • Symptoms/SABA use > 2 days/week but not daily
  • Night symptoms > 2 nights/month
    ** FEV1 > 80%
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11
Q

What is the treatment for Mild Persistent Asthma?

A

SABA + ICS
- Symptoms/SABA use > 2 days/week but not daily
- Night symptoms > 2 nights/month
** FEV1 > 80%

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12
Q

Describe Moderate Persistent Asthma

A
  • Symptoms/SABA use DAILY
  • Night symptoms weekly
    ** FEV1 between 60-80%
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13
Q

What is the treatment for Moderate Persistent Asthma?

A

SABA + ICS + LABA
- Symptoms/SABA use DAILY
- Night symptoms weekly
** FEV1 between 60-80%

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14
Q

Describe Severe Persistent Asthma

A
  • Symptoms/SABA use multiple times daily
  • Frequent night time symptoms
    ** FEV1 < 60%
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15
Q

What is the treatment for Severe Persistent Asthma?

A

SABA + medium-dose ICS + LABA

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16
Q

If Asthma is Refractory to treatment, what can you try?

A

Oral steroids

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17
Q

Leukotriene Antagonists can replace what in the standard Asthma treatment?

A

ICS

18
Q

What are common SABA and LABA used?

A

SABA = Albuterol
LABA = Salmeterol

19
Q

What are 2 common ICS used?

A

Beclomethasone
Prednisone

20
Q

What short and long acting muscarinic antagonists can be used with these diseases?

A

SAMA = Ipratropium
LAMA = Tiotropium

21
Q

MOA for Theophylline?

A

PDE-4 Inhibitor
– not used due to side effects

22
Q

MOA for Cromolyn? When is it used?

A

Blocks mast cell release of vasoactive substances
= Used with exercise induced asthma only

23
Q

What are 2 common LTA used with Asthma?

A

Montelukast
Zilueton

24
Q

What is the treatment for an Asthma exacerbation?

A
  • Steroids
  • Nebulizer (albuterol + ipratropium)
  • Oxygen if necessary
25
Q

What is the treatment for an Asthma exacerbation?

A
  • Steroids
  • Nebulizer (albuterol + ipratropium)
  • Oxygen if necessary
26
Q

What are 2 presentations of COPD?

A

Blue bloaters
Pink Puffers

27
Q

Blue Bloaters predominantly have Chronic Bronchitis symptoms. Describe them.

A
  • Cyanotic and overweight
  • Pulmonary HTN –> Right sided HF = Edema
28
Q

Pink Puffers predominantly have Emphysema symptoms. Describe them.

A
  • Frail with prolonged expiration through pursed lips
  • Barrel chested
  • Dyspnea
29
Q

Chronic Bronchitis definition

A

Chronic productive cough for > 3 months

30
Q

If the alveolar damage is centrilobular, what caused that COPD?

A

Smoking

31
Q

If the alveolar damage is panlobular, what caused that COPD?

A

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin deficiency

32
Q

Treatment for COPD with pneumonic?

A

COPD
= Corticosteroids, oxygen, Prevention with vaccines, Dilators

33
Q

When is oxygen indicated for COPD?

A

SpO2 < 88%
PaO2 < 55

34
Q

What is the treatment for an Acute COPD Exacerbation?

A

Oxygen
Nebulizer
Steroids
+/- Antibiotics
+/- BiPAP

35
Q

What is the treatment for an Acute COPD Exacerbation?

A

Oxygen
Nebulizer
Steroids
+/- Antibiotics
+/- BiPAP

36
Q

What is Bronchiectasis?

A

Permanent dilation/fibrosis of Bronchi

37
Q

Cycles of infection/inflammation that lead to permanently dilated bronchi?

A

Bronchiectasis

38
Q

What is the main sign of Bronchiectasis?

A

Chronic productive cough of yellow/green sputum

39
Q

What is the main sign of Bronchiectasis?

A

Chronic productive cough of yellow/green sputum

40
Q

What can be seen on CXR with Bronchiectasis?

A

Tram lines = parallel lines outlining dilated bronchi

41
Q

What can be seen on CT with Bronchiectasis?

A

Dilated airways and possibly cysts

42
Q

What is the treatment for Bronchiectasis?

A

Antibiotics
– usually fluoroquinolone

COMAT - Family Med (7 decks)

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