GI/Endocrinology Flashcards
What occurs with Lactose Intolerance?
- Deficiency in Lactase = Accumulation of Lactose
- Bacteria metabolizes Lactose into Hydrogen Gas
= Pain, bloating, farting and diarrhea after eating dairy
What are 2 ways to diagnose Lactose Intolerance?
- Hydrogen Breath test
- Removal of dairy and symptoms resolve
What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
Recurrent abdominal pain relieved by defecation with changes in stool form/frequency and NO CAUSE
What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome?
Recurrent abdominal pain relieved by defecation with changes in stool form/frequency and NO CAUSE
Does Irritable Bowel Syndrome present with diarrhea or constipation?
Both are possible subtypes!
What is the mainstay treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome? (2)
Lifestyle modifications + Psyllium (fiber)
What rash is associated with Celiac Disease?
Dermatitis Herptiformis
= papulovesciular rash on EXTENSOR surfaces
Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Papulovesicular rash on EXTENSOR surfaces
– seen with Celiac Disease
What are the symptoms of Celiac Disease?
- Foul smelling and floating stools
- Fatigue and Iron Deficient Anemia
What are the symptoms of Celiac Disease?
- Foul smelling and floating stools
- Fatigue and Iron Deficient Anemia
What is diagnostic of Celiac Disease?
Small bowel biopsy = Villous atrophy
What is diagnostic of Celiac Disease?
Small bowel biopsy = Villous atrophy
What antibody may be (+) with Celiac Disease?
IgA Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase
What is the physiology behind Urge Incontinence?
Sudden detrusor muscle contraction causing urge to void = leakage of urine
What are 2 possible treatments for Urge Incontinence?
- Oxybutynin
- Mirabegron
MOA for Oxybutynin and Mirabegron for the treatment of Urge Incontinence?
Oxybutynin = M3 Antagonist (blocks detrusor)
Mirebegron = Beta3 Agonist (detrusor relax)
Acromegaly is due to elevated GH. How will it present in kids and why?
Gigantism due to incomplete closure of growth plates
How will Acromegaly present in adults?
Large hands, feet, face and visceral organs
High Glucose
CHF
How will Acromegaly present in adults?
Large hands, feet, face and visceral organs
High glucose
CHF
What should you check if you suspect Acromegaly?
ILGF-1
– This is (+) by GH which then (+) glucose
If ILGF-1 is elevated, what should be done next if you suspect Acromegaly?
Glucose suppression test
= Will FAIL to suppress with Acromegaly
What is the treatment for Acromegaly?
Surgery of Anterior Pituitary tumor
If you do not see a pituitary gland on brain imaging, what should be done?
Nothing
= Empty Sella Syndrome (pituitary ectopically functioning)
What is secreted by the Posterior Pituitary?
ADH
Oxytocin
