Hypertension/Hyperlipidemia

Question 1

What is classified as a Normal BP?

Answer 1

< 120 / < 80

Question 2

What is classified as an Elevated BP?

Answer 2

< 130 / < 80

Question 3

When is medication started for BP?

Answer 3

Once Stage 1 has been reached

Question 4

What are lifestyle modification recommendations for Hypertension?

Answer 4

• Keep salt < 2.4g per day
• DASH diet + exercise 30 minutes a day
• Alcohol < 2 for men and 1 for women a day

Question 5

What is classified as Stage 1 BP?

Answer 5

< 140 / < 90

Question 6

What is classified as Stage 2 BP?

Answer 6

> 140 / > 90

Question 7

For Stage 1 and Stage 2, how many medications do you start and when do you follow up?

Answer 7

Stage 1 = Start 1 medication
Stage 2 = Start 2 medications
** followup in 1 month

Question 8

What classifies a Hypertensive Urgency?

Answer 8

BP = > 220 / > 120

Question 9

What classifies a Hypertensive Emergency?

Answer 9

BP = > 220 / > 120 + signs of end organ damage

Question 10

If a patient has heart failure, what 2 HTN medication classes should be chosen from?

Answer 10

Beta Blockers
ACEi

Question 11

If a patient has a history of a CVA, what 2 HTN medication classes should be chosen from?

Answer 11

Thiazides
ACEi

Question 12

If a patient has Chronic Kidney Disease, what HTN medication class should be chosen from?

Answer 12

ACEi
ARB

Question 13

If a patient has Diabetes, what HTN medication class should be chosen from?

Answer 13

ACEi

Question 14

What is the major side effect of Calcium Channel Blockers like Amlodipine/Nifedipine?

Answer 14

Peripheral edema

Question 15

What are 4 side effects of ACEi’s?

Answer 15

1. Dry cough
2. Angioedema
3. Elevated Cr
4. Elevated K

Question 16

What is responsible for the dry cough and angioedema risk with the use of ACEi?

Answer 16

Bradykinin

Question 17

What are 2 side effects of ARBs?

Answer 17

1. Elevated Cr
2. Elevated K

Question 18

What are 2 side effects of Thiazides?

Answer 18

1. Low K
2. Low Ca in the urine

Question 19

What is one major side effect of Beta Blockers?

Answer 19

Bradycardia

Question 20

Job of LDL? HDL?

Answer 20

LDL: takes cholesterol to periphery to form plaques
HDL: takes cholesterol to liver

Question 21

In what 2 circumstances should you definitely start a STATIN?

Answer 21

1. Existing vascular disease condition
2. LDL > 190

Question 22

In what 2 circumstances should you definitely start a STATIN?

Answer 22

1. Existing vascular disease condition
2. LDL > 190

Question 23

What are the 2 HIGH-intensity Statins?

Answer 23

Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin

Question 24

What are 2 side effects of Statins?

Answer 24

Myositis (sore muscles)
Hepatitis/abnormal liver studies

Question 25

What do Statins lower?

Answer 25

LDL and TG

Question 26

What do Fibrates lower/raise?

Answer 26

Lower TG Raise HDL

Question 27

What are 2 side effects of Fibrates?

Answer 27

Myositis Hepatitis

Question 28

What is the job of Ezetimibe and Bile Acid Binding Resins?

Answer 28

Lower LDL

Question 29

Side effect of Ezetimibe and Bile Acid Binding Resins?

Answer 29

Diarrhea

Question 30

What does Niacin lower/raise? Side effect and the antidote?

Answer 30

Lower LDL and Raises HDL --> Flushing ==> Treat with ASPIRIN

Question 31

What are 6 diagnostics that should be obtained with evaluating Hypertension?

Answer 31

- CBC and CMP - UA - EKG - Lipid panel - Glucose/A1c

Question 32

What are 6 diagnostics that should be obtained when evaluating Hypertension?

Answer 32

- CBC and CMP - UA - EKG - Lipid panel - Glucose/A1c

Question 33

What is needed to diagnose HTN?

Answer 33

- 3 in office elevations > 1 week apart OR - At home elevations for 1 week

Question 34

What is needed to diagnose HTN?

Answer 34

- 3 in office elevations > 1 week apart OR - At home elevations or 1 week