Obstructive Lung Disease Drugs (Exam IV)

Question 1

Albuterol

Answer 1

Short-acting beta-2 agonist
Uses: asthma, COPD
Tox: tremor, tachycardia
Notes: Use during acute exacerbation

Question 2

Salmeterol

Answer 2

Long-acting beta-2 agonist
Uses: asthma, COPD
Tox: cough, runny nose, sneezing, headache
Notes: co-use w/ inhaled corticosteroids

Question 3

Formoterol

Answer 3

Long-acting beta-2 agonist
Uses: severe asthma, exercise-induced bronchospasm, COPD
Tox: cough, runny nose, sneezing, headache
Notes: slow onset of action

Question 4

Theophylline

Answer 4

Methylxanthine; PDE3 inhibitor, adenosine receptor antagonist
Uses: acute asthma relief, controller medication
Tox: insomnia, tremor, anorexia
Notes: narrow therapeutic index

Question 5

Ipratropium

Answer 5

M3 muscarinic antagonist
Uses: COPD, asthma, rhinitis
Tox: dry mouth, cough
Notes: controller for asthma/COPD symptoms

Question 6

Fluticasone

Answer 6

Inhaled corticosteroid; glucocorticoid receptor agonist
Uses: asthma control, anti-allergenic
Tox: cough, headache, nausea
Notes: CYP3A4 substrate

Question 7

Prednisone

Answer 7

Systemic corticosteroid; glucocorticoid receptor agonist
Uses: asthma control, anti-allergenic
Tox: cough, headache, nausea
Notes: CYP3A4

Question 8

Cromolyn

Answer 8

Mast cell stabilizer
Uses: asthma control
Tox: cough, nausea, throat irritation

Question 9

Roflumilast

Answer 9

Selective phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor
Uses: reduce acute COPD exacerbations
Tox: diarrhea, weight loss, nausea
Notes: used in patients with severe airflow limitations, chronic bronchitis, and hx of exacerbations not controlled by long-acting bronchodilators

Question 10

Montelukast

Answer 10

Leukotriene antagonist; Cys-LTR1 receptor antagonist
Uses: asthma, exercise induced bronchospasm, allergic rhinitis
Tox: GI disturbances, hypersensitivity rxns
Notes: effective for aspirin-induced asthma; CYP3A4/2C9 substrate

Question 11

Azithromycin

Answer 11

Macrolide; bacterial ribosomal 50s subunit inhibitor
Uses: reduce acute COPD exacerbations
Tox: hearing impairment
Notes: additive effect with beta2 agonists & muscarinic antagonists; pre-screen for QTc prolongation before use

Question 12

Omalizumab

Answer 12

IgE sequestrant; binds serum IgE antibodies
Uses: asthma control
Tox: headache, dizziness, fatigue
Notes: effective in asthma resistant to beta2 agonists & steroids

Question 13

Diphenhydramine

Answer 13

Antihistamine; H1-histamine receptor antagonist
Uses: allergy, insomnia, motion sickness
Tox: sedation (+++), anti-cholinergic activity (+++)
Notes: 1st generation; not for children under 6

Question 14

Hydroxyzine

Answer 14

Antihistamine; H1-histamine receptor antagonist
Uses: allergy, potentiate opioid analgesia, general anxiety
Tox: sedation (+++), anti-cholinergic activity (+++)
Notes: 1st generation; abuse potential

Question 15

Brompheniramine

Answer 15

Antihistamine; H1-histamine receptor antagonist
Uses: allergy, common cold
Tox: sedation (+), anti-cholinergic activity (+)
Notes: 1st generation; daytime use

Question 16

Promethazine

Answer 16

Antihistamine; H1-histamine receptor antagonist
Uses: allergy, motion sickness
Tox: sedation (+++), anti-cholinergic activity (+++)
Notes: 1st generation; black box warning for gangrene at injection site

Question 17

Loratidine

Answer 17

Antihistamine; H1-histamine receptor antagonist
Uses: allergy
Tox: minimal anticholinergic activity
Notes: 2nd generation; zwitterionic