Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

RENAL > Obstructive Kidney Disorders > Flashcards

Obstructive Kidney Disorders Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Diabetus mellitus is associated with Acute or Chronic Renal Insufficency

A

Chronic (think pathophysilogy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of cancer my migrate to urinary system and/or peritoneum and cause Bi-lateral hydronephrosis in females?

A

CERVICAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why creatinine incr in blood in post-renal faliure, like in urethral obstruction?

A

Incr hydrostatic pressure in Bowmans space, DECR GFR–>less filtration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What role plays Citrate in kidney stones formation?

A

-Prevent aggregation of urine crystals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most common stones are:

A

Ca++-oxalate> Stuviate> uric acid> cysteine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Risk Factor for Ca++-oxalate stone formantion? (5)

A

-Hypercalcemia–.Sarcoidosis and HyperPTH
-Hypercalciuria-Hypocalcemia (give Thiazide)
-Hypocitrauria
-Fat malasbp.
-Anti-Freeze (ethylene glycol)
-Vit C. overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diagnosis

Radio-opaque on both X-ray and CT scan with ENVELOPED shape crystal?

A

Ca++-oxalate ot Ca++-phosphate stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diagnosis

Patient is tachypnic because he went for high mountain trip for 2 weeks and he recieves medication and comes with flank pain that “hurts a lot”

A

Ca++-Phosphate stone–>Acetozolamide (alkalanization of urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Whats the risk factor for Ca++-Phosphate stone?

A

Alkalanization of urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment of Ca++ stones?

A

-Thiazide, Hydrate, Low NaCl diet, K+ Citrate,prevent oxalate rich foods (tomatos,oranges,spinach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Whats the benefit of not eating oranges in Ca++-oxalate stones?

A

-Reducing consumption of oxalate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Struviate stones is made up off…

A

Ammonium, Phosphate, and Magnesium..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What organism is associated with struviate stones?

A

-Urease + organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What stones is only treated with surgery 100% of the time?

A

-Staghorn calculi or Struviate stones–> to large to be expelled in urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What stones is only treated with surgery 100% of the time?

A

-Staghorn calculi or Struviate stones–> to large to be expelled in urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

COLA ???

A

-a.a that are falied to be reabsp in PCT in Cysteine stones.
-Cysteine, orithine, lysine, arginine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hexagonal, yellow shape stones?

A

-Cysteine stones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diagnosis

Staghorn calculi with NO history of UTI..

A

-Cysteine stones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stones that prefer to grow in pH>4.5

A

-Ca++ and struviate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stones that prefer to grow at pH<3.5
-Treatment

A

cystine and uric acid stones
-K+ Bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Diagnosis test for Cysteine stone?

A

-Na+ Cyanide-Nitropurraside Test (detects Cysteine in urine).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Associations for uric-acid stones?

A

-Leukemia (high cell turnover) and Gout
-Chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rhomboid shaped crystals?

Study These Flashcards
A

-Uric acid stones

24
Q

Diagnosis

We identify a stones but on imaging is negative?

Study These Flashcards
A

-Uric acid stones

25
Treatment for uric acid stones?(2)
K+ Bicarbonate and Allopurinol (Xanthine Oxidase inhb.-->reduces uric acid production)
26
A-Ca++ stone B- Coffin stone (struviate) C-Staghorn D-Rhomboid (uric acid) E-Hexagonal (Cysteine)
27
Unilateral flank side pain//Colicky pain that radiates ipsilateral groin +vomiting +nausea+ described as a pain like "labor" -Side sympt:Hematuria,WBC cast..... -On palpabation tender.
-Kideny stone//Nephrolitaisis
28
What treatment can be done for every Kideny stones?
-Hydration.
29
What test should always be done in patients with kidneys stones?
**Urine analysis.. **
30
Commonest presentation of kidney stones..
-Hot day, playing outside without drinking to much water-->flank pain..-->imaging suggest stone. -Palpation they are tender.
31
3 most commonest areas that stones lodge?
-pelvic prim (ureters pass common iliac vessels) -ureter-pelvic junction (supperiorly) -vesiculo-uretic junction (ureter enters bladder)
32
Why Kideny stones cause unilateral pain mostly?
-They lodge above bladder affecting ine side **USUALLY**
33
How is chemotherapy relate uric acid stone?
-Chemotherapy can lead to** tumor lysis syndrome,** ncreased uric acid release into the urine, increasing the risk of uric acid stone formation. -Prevention and treatment include aggressive hydration,allopurinol,rasburicase.
34
Cysteine stones presentation?
-Family history of stones formation + hexagonal stone.
35
# Diagnosis -due to increased oxalate levels secondary to malabsorption.
Fat malabsp. (Ca++-oxalate stone)
36
What type of epithelium lines bladder
-Transithional epi (umbrela epi)
37
How does urination work?
-Strech recep in bladder-->as bladder fills it will send signals to S2-24 (Micturition refelex)-->**1.Send signals to Pontine center in brain**-->controls external sphinter (drain it to overide the micturition refelx) **2.Micturition reflex** will **INCR. Prasympathtic** (detrusar activation and sphinter relaxation) + **DECR Sympathetic stimuli **(decr internal sphinter tone) -All is left in hands of Pontine center to urinate.
38
Causes of neurogenic bladder..
-Syphylis, HSV, **Diabetic nueropathy**, **Spinal cord injuries**,**Multiple Sclerosis*****
39
-**Spinal cord lesion above T12** causes what type of bladder lesion? -Complication?
**-Spastic Bladder** -Loss of communication between Pontine center and Micturition reflex-->Bladder contracts but NO control over sphinter-->cannot urinate -Incr pressure of bladder-->Backflow-->Hydronephrosis.
40
Bladder dosent contract lesion?
-Flaccid lesion (LMN lesion)-->Urinary retention
41
-Acute optic neuritis,weakness,spasticity,neurogenic bladder, paraparesis, MRI isgold standard **Periventricular plaques** -Common FEMALE 20-30's
**Multiple Sclerosis** ass **Spatic Bladder due to de-mylination. -We give Muscarinic antagonist to relax detrussor muscle.
42
What are the 2 most common congenital obstructions renal system?
-**Post urethral valve and vesicu-uretere reflux**
43
Vesico-ureter reflux pathophysiology?
-The ureter is shorter enetring the bladder-->when bladder gets full-->you have backflow to kidneys.
44
Posterior urethral valve pathophysiology.. -Complications -Imaging
-Most common obstruction in MALE infants. -Overgrowth of bladder into prostatic urethra-->incr pressure and backlow. -Ass with **BI-LATERAL Hydronephrosis** and **recurrent UTI's** -Imaging: thick bladder and dilated prostaic urethra.
45
Compliaction of congenital instruction is...
Potter sequence.
46
Potter sequence causes(3) -Complications
-**Congenital urinary obstructions (2),Bilateral renal agenesis, uteroplacental Insufficency**--->oligohydramnios-->Potter sequence. -**Pulmunary Hypoplasia**///wrinkle skin.wide separated ears, flattened faces.
47
When does fetus strat producing urine?
-20 week (weel developed urinary system)
48
Presentation of: uteropelvic obstr., placental insufficency, urethral obstruction.
-Ureteropelvic junction obstruction typically manifests with unilateral hydronephrosis. -Placental insufficiency can lead to decreased blood flow to the fetus and subsequently decreased urine production or amniotic fluid, but NO kidney enlargement**** -urethral obstr-->BILATERAL Hydronephrosis and oligohydramnios
49
Pathophysiology of Horseshoe kideny.. -Associated with..
-When both kidneys fuse in pelvic area-->at week 8 when move up will cause impingement at ***Inf Mesenteric artery***-->dosent move all the way up-> incr risk of ureter obstruction-->hydronephrosis or Potter sequence. -**Turners syndrome and Trisomies (13,18 and 21)**
50
Uteric bud forms.... Blastema forms...
-ureter,calyces,collecting ducts and tubules -kidney
51
Reasson of agenesis
-Uteric Bud dosent influenze your blastema.
52
-Uni-lateral agenesis -Bi-Lateral agenesis
-NO oligohydramnios, hyperthrophy of one kidney-->hypertension and renal faliure Potter sequence
53
What causes Hydronephrosis?
-Kidney stones, Congenital anatomical defects, cervical cancer, Neurogenic bladder,**pregnancy**,**BPH**
54
Pathogenesis of Hydronephrosis?
-Compression atrophy-->atrophy of cortex and medulla.
55
Diagnosis and which one is worst prognosis
Hydronephrosis and letf side is worst--> extends all the way to renal paranchyma.
56
-Infants—congenital defect of **pleuro peritoneal membrane** left-sided herniation (right hemidiaphragm is relatively protected by liver) -Diaphragmatic hernia-->pulmunary hypertension.

RENAL (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions