Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RENAL > Obstructive Kidney Disorders > Flashcards

Obstructive Kidney Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Diabetus mellitus is associated with Acute or Chronic Renal Insufficency

A

Chronic (think pathophysilogy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of cancer my migrate to urinary system and/or peritoneum and cause Bi-lateral hydronephrosis in females?

A

CERVICAL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why creatinine incr in blood in post-renal faliure, like in urethral obstruction?

A

Incr hydrostatic pressure in Bowmans space, DECR GFR–>less filtration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What role plays Citrate in kidney stones formation?

A

-Prevent aggregation of urine crystals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Most common stones are:

A

Ca++-oxalate> Stuviate> uric acid> cysteine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Risk Factor for Ca++-oxalate stone formantion? (5)

A

-Hypercalcemia–.Sarcoidosis and HyperPTH
-Hypercalciuria-Hypocalcemia (give Thiazide)
-Hypocitrauria
-Fat malasbp.
-Anti-Freeze (ethylene glycol)
-Vit C. overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diagnosis

Radio-opaque on both X-ray and CT scan with ENVELOPED shape crystal?

A

Ca++-oxalate ot Ca++-phosphate stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diagnosis

Patient is tachypnic because he went for high mountain trip for 2 weeks and he recieves medication and comes with flank pain that “hurts a lot”

A

Ca++-Phosphate stone–>Acetozolamide (alkalanization of urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Whats the risk factor for Ca++-Phosphate stone?

A

Alkalanization of urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment of Ca++ stones?

A

-Thiazide, Hydrate, Low NaCl diet, K+ Citrate,prevent oxalate rich foods (tomatos,oranges,spinach)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Whats the benefit of not eating oranges in Ca++-oxalate stones?

A

-Reducing consumption of oxalate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Struviate stones is made up off…

A

Ammonium, Phosphate, and Magnesium..

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What organism is associated with struviate stones?

A

-Urease + organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What stones is only treated with surgery 100% of the time?

A

-Staghorn calculi or Struviate stones–> to large to be expelled in urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What stones is only treated with surgery 100% of the time?

A

-Staghorn calculi or Struviate stones–> to large to be expelled in urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

COLA ???

A

-a.a that are falied to be reabsp in PCT in Cysteine stones.
-Cysteine, orithine, lysine, arginine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hexagonal, yellow shape stones?

A

-Cysteine stones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diagnosis

Staghorn calculi with NO history of UTI..

A

-Cysteine stones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Stones that prefer to grow in pH>4.5

A

-Ca++ and struviate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Stones that prefer to grow at pH<3.5
-Treatment

A

cystine and uric acid stones
-K+ Bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Diagnosis test for Cysteine stone?

A

-Na+ Cyanide-Nitropurraside Test (detects Cysteine in urine).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Associations for uric-acid stones?

A

-Leukemia (high cell turnover) and Gout
-Chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Rhomboid shaped crystals?

A

-Uric acid stones

24
Q

Diagnosis

We identify a stones but on imaging is negative?

A

-Uric acid stones

25
Q

Treatment for uric acid stones?(2)

A

K+ Bicarbonate
and
Allopurinol (Xanthine Oxidase inhb.–>reduces uric acid production)

26
Q
A

A-Ca++ stone
B- Coffin stone (struviate)
C-Staghorn
D-Rhomboid (uric acid)
E-Hexagonal (Cysteine)

27
Q

Unilateral flank side pain//Colicky pain that radiates ipsilateral groin +vomiting +nausea+ described as a pain like “labor”

-Side sympt:Hematuria,WBC cast…..
-On palpabation tender.

A

-Kideny stone//Nephrolitaisis

28
Q

What treatment can be done for every Kideny stones?

A

-Hydration.

29
Q

What test should always be done in patients with kidneys stones?

A

**Urine analysis.. **

30
Q

Commonest presentation of kidney stones..

A

-Hot day, playing outside without drinking to much water–>flank pain..–>imaging suggest stone.
-Palpation they are tender.

31
Q

3 most commonest areas that stones lodge?

A

-pelvic prim (ureters pass common iliac vessels)
-ureter-pelvic junction (supperiorly)
-vesiculo-uretic junction (ureter enters bladder)

32
Q

Why Kideny stones cause unilateral pain mostly?

A

-They lodge above bladder affecting ine side USUALLY

33
Q

How is chemotherapy relate uric acid stone?

A

-Chemotherapy can lead to** tumor lysis syndrome,** ncreased uric acid release into the urine, increasing the risk of uric acid stone formation.

-Prevention and treatment include aggressive hydration,allopurinol,rasburicase.

34
Q

Cysteine stones presentation?

A

-Family history of stones formation + hexagonal stone.

35
Q

Diagnosis

-due to increased oxalate levels secondary to malabsorption.

A

Fat malabsp. (Ca++-oxalate stone)

36
Q

What type of epithelium lines bladder

A

-Transithional epi (umbrela epi)

37
Q

How does urination work?

A

-Strech recep in bladder–>as bladder fills it will send signals to S2-24 (Micturition refelex)–>1.Send signals to Pontine center in brain–>controls external sphinter (drain it to overide the micturition refelx)
2.Micturition reflex will INCR. Prasympathtic (detrusar activation and sphinter relaxation) + **DECR Sympathetic stimuli **(decr internal sphinter tone)
-All is left in hands of Pontine center to urinate.

38
Q

Causes of neurogenic bladder..

A

-Syphylis, HSV, Diabetic nueropathy, Spinal cord injuries,Multiple Sclerosis***

39
Q

-Spinal cord lesion above T12 causes what type of bladder lesion?

-Complication?

A

-Spastic Bladder
-Loss of communication between Pontine center and Micturition reflex–>Bladder contracts but NO control over sphinter–>cannot urinate
-Incr pressure of bladder–>Backflow–>Hydronephrosis.

40
Q

Bladder dosent contract lesion?

A

-Flaccid lesion (LMN lesion)–>Urinary retention

41
Q

-Acute optic neuritis,weakness,spasticity,neurogenic bladder, paraparesis, MRI isgold standard Periventricular plaques
-Common FEMALE 20-30’s

A

Multiple Sclerosis ass **Spatic Bladder due to de-mylination.
-We give Muscarinic antagonist to relax detrussor muscle.

42
Q

What are the 2 most common congenital obstructions renal system?

A

-Post urethral valve and vesicu-uretere reflux

43
Q

Vesico-ureter reflux pathophysiology?

A

-The ureter is shorter enetring the bladder–>when bladder gets full–>you have backflow to kidneys.

44
Q

Posterior urethral valve pathophysiology..
-Complications
-Imaging

A

-Most common obstruction in MALE infants.
-Overgrowth of bladder into prostatic urethra–>incr pressure and backlow.
-Ass with BI-LATERAL Hydronephrosis and recurrent UTI’s
-Imaging: thick bladder and dilated prostaic urethra.

45
Q

Compliaction of congenital instruction is…

A

Potter sequence.

46
Q

Potter sequence causes(3)
-Complications

A

-Congenital urinary obstructions (2),Bilateral renal agenesis, uteroplacental Insufficency—>oligohydramnios–>Potter sequence.

-Pulmunary Hypoplasia///wrinkle skin.wide separated ears, flattened faces.

47
Q

When does fetus strat producing urine?

A

-20 week (weel developed urinary system)

48
Q

Presentation of: uteropelvic obstr., placental insufficency, urethral obstruction.

A

-Ureteropelvic junction obstruction typically manifests with unilateral hydronephrosis.
-Placental insufficiency can lead to decreased blood flow to the fetus and subsequently decreased urine production or amniotic fluid, but NO kidney enlargement**
-urethral obstr–>BILATERAL Hydronephrosis and oligohydramnios

49
Q

Pathophysiology of Horseshoe kideny..
-Associated with..

A

-When both kidneys fuse in pelvic area–>at week 8 when move up will cause impingement at Inf Mesenteric artery–>dosent move all the way up-> incr risk of ureter obstruction–>hydronephrosis or Potter sequence.

-Turners syndrome and Trisomies (13,18 and 21)

50
Q

Uteric bud forms….
Blastema forms…

A

-ureter,calyces,collecting ducts and tubules
-kidney

51
Q

Reasson of agenesis

A

-Uteric Bud dosent influenze your blastema.

52
Q

-Uni-lateral agenesis
-Bi-Lateral agenesis

A

-NO oligohydramnios, hyperthrophy of one kidney–>hypertension and renal faliure

Potter sequence

53
Q

What causes Hydronephrosis?

A

-Kidney stones, Congenital anatomical defects, cervical cancer, Neurogenic bladder,pregnancy,BPH

54
Q

Pathogenesis of Hydronephrosis?

A

-Compression atrophy–>atrophy of cortex and medulla.

55
Q

Diagnosis and which one is worst prognosis

A

Hydronephrosis and letf side is worst–> extends all the way to renal paranchyma.

56
Q
A

-Infants—congenital defect of pleuro peritoneal membrane left-sided herniation (right hemidiaphragm is relatively protected by liver)
-Diaphragmatic hernia–>pulmunary hypertension.

RENAL (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions