Obstetrics and Gynecology (Pt. 4) Flashcards
Atresia
Lack of normal body opening; for example, hysteratresia is closing of cervix, usually from scarring.
Breast Cancer
Malignant tumor of breast; usually forms in milk glands or lining of milk ducts.
Cervical Cancer
Malignant tumor of cervix; some cases caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), sexually transmitted virus for which there is now vaccine; regular Pap smear used for early detection.
Cesarean Section (CS, C-section)
Surgical birth of baby through incision into abdominal and uterine walls; named for Roman emperor, Julius Ceasar, who is said to have been the first person born using this method.
Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
Removal of small piece of chorion for genetic analysis; can be done at earlier stage of pregnancy than amniocentesis.
Conization
Surgical removal of a core of cervical tissue for biopsy.
Cystocele
Hernia or outpouching of bladder protrudes into vagina; can cause urinary frequency and urgency and block vagina.
Dilation & Curettage (D&C)
Surgical procedure consisting of widening cervix and scraping or suctioning out endometrial lining of uterus; often performed after spontaneous abortion or to stop excessive bleeding from other causes.
Ectopic Pregnancy
Pregnancy occurring outside of uterus, usually in fallopian tubes; growing fetus will rupture fallopian tube requiring a salpingectomy.
Endometriosis
Occurs when endometrial tissue appears throughout pelvic or abdominal cavity; causes recurring pain and scarring.
Endometrial Cancer
Cancerous tumor forms in lining of uterus.
Fetal Monitoring
Use of electronic equipment placed on mother’s abdomen or fetus’ scalp to check fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal heart tone (FHT) during labor; normal FHR ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute: drop in fetal heart rate indicates fetal distress.
Fibrocystic Breast Disease
Benign cysts in breast tissue; not precancerous.
Fibroid Tumor
Benign tumor of fiberlike tissue; the most common type of tumor in women.
Fistula
Abnormal passageway that develops between two structures; vesicovaginal fistula is between urinary bladder and vagina; rectovaginal fistula is between rectum and vagina.
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)
Condition developing in fetus when mother’s blood type is Rh-negative and baby’s blood type is Rh-positive; antibodies in mother’s blood enter fetus’ blood-stream through placenta and destroy fetus’ red blood cells; caues anemia, juandice, and enlargement of spleen; treated with intrauterine blood transfusion; also called erythroblastosis fetalis.
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Infertility treatment; ova are removed from woman and fertilized by sperm externally; resulting embryos are returned to uterus for development; commonly test tube baby.
Infertility
Inability to produce children; generally defined as no pregnancy after properly timed intercourse for one year.
Ovarian Cancer
Cancerous tumor formed within ovary
Papanicolaou (pap) Smear
Test for early detection of cervical cancer; named after developer, Goerge Papanicolaou, a greek physician; cells are removed from cervix by simple scraping and examined under microscope.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Chornic or acute infection, usually bacterial, that ascends through female reproductive tract and out into pelvic cavity; can result in scarring that interferes with fertility.
Placenta Previa
Placenta forms in lower portion of uterus and blocks birth canal; can require C-section for birth.
Premature Birth
Birth of fetus before 37 weeks of gestation.
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Symptoms that develop just prior to onset of menstrual period; can include irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety.
