Obstetrics and Gynecology (Pt. 4)

Question 1

Atresia

Answer 1

Lack of normal body opening; for example, hysteratresia is closing of cervix, usually from scarring.

Question 2

Breast Cancer

Answer 2

Malignant tumor of breast; usually forms in milk glands or lining of milk ducts.

Question 3

Cervical Cancer

Answer 3

Malignant tumor of cervix; some cases caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), sexually transmitted virus for which there is now vaccine; regular Pap smear used for early detection.

Question 4

Cesarean Section (CS, C-section)

Answer 4

Surgical birth of baby through incision into abdominal and uterine walls; named for Roman emperor, Julius Ceasar, who is said to have been the first person born using this method.

Question 5

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

Answer 5

Removal of small piece of chorion for genetic analysis; can be done at earlier stage of pregnancy than amniocentesis.

Question 6

Conization

Answer 6

Surgical removal of a core of cervical tissue for biopsy.

Question 7

Cystocele

Answer 7

Hernia or outpouching of bladder protrudes into vagina; can cause urinary frequency and urgency and block vagina.

Question 8

Dilation & Curettage (D&C)

Answer 8

Surgical procedure consisting of widening cervix and scraping or suctioning out endometrial lining of uterus; often performed after spontaneous abortion or to stop excessive bleeding from other causes.

Question 9

Ectopic Pregnancy

Answer 9

Pregnancy occurring outside of uterus, usually in fallopian tubes; growing fetus will rupture fallopian tube requiring a salpingectomy.

Question 10

Endometriosis

Answer 10

Occurs when endometrial tissue appears throughout pelvic or abdominal cavity; causes recurring pain and scarring.

Question 11

Endometrial Cancer

Answer 11

Cancerous tumor forms in lining of uterus.

Question 12

Fetal Monitoring

Answer 12

Use of electronic equipment placed on mother’s abdomen or fetus’ scalp to check fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal heart tone (FHT) during labor; normal FHR ranges from 120 to 160 beats per minute: drop in fetal heart rate indicates fetal distress.

Question 13

Fibrocystic Breast Disease

Answer 13

Benign cysts in breast tissue; not precancerous.

Question 14

Fibroid Tumor

Answer 14

Benign tumor of fiberlike tissue; the most common type of tumor in women.

Question 15

Fistula

Answer 15

Abnormal passageway that develops between two structures; vesicovaginal fistula is between urinary bladder and vagina; rectovaginal fistula is between rectum and vagina.

Question 16

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)

Answer 16

Condition developing in fetus when mother’s blood type is Rh-negative and baby’s blood type is Rh-positive; antibodies in mother’s blood enter fetus’ blood-stream through placenta and destroy fetus’ red blood cells; caues anemia, juandice, and enlargement of spleen; treated with intrauterine blood transfusion; also called erythroblastosis fetalis.

Question 17

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Answer 17

Infertility treatment; ova are removed from woman and fertilized by sperm externally; resulting embryos are returned to uterus for development; commonly test tube baby.

Question 18

Infertility

Answer 18

Inability to produce children; generally defined as no pregnancy after properly timed intercourse for one year.

Question 19

Ovarian Cancer

Answer 19

Cancerous tumor formed within ovary

Question 20

Papanicolaou (pap) Smear

Answer 20

Test for early detection of cervical cancer; named after developer, Goerge Papanicolaou, a greek physician; cells are removed from cervix by simple scraping and examined under microscope.

Question 21

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Answer 21

Chornic or acute infection, usually bacterial, that ascends through female reproductive tract and out into pelvic cavity; can result in scarring that interferes with fertility.

Question 22

Placenta Previa

Answer 22

Placenta forms in lower portion of uterus and blocks birth canal; can require C-section for birth.

Question 23

Premature Birth

Answer 23

Birth of fetus before 37 weeks of gestation.

Question 24

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Answer 24

Symptoms that develop just prior to onset of menstrual period; can include irritability, headache, tender breasts, and anxiety.

Question 25

Prolapsed Uterus

Answer 25

Fallen uterus that can cause cervix to protrude through vaginal opening.

Question 26

Rectocele

Answer 26

Protrusion or herniation of rectum into vagina

Question 27

Stillbirth

Answer 27

Birth in which viable-age fetus dies shortly before or at time of birth.

Question 28

Tubal Ligation

Answer 28

Surgical tying off of fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy.