Obstetrics

Question 1

What does APGAR stand for?

Answer 1

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

Question 2

How often should the APGAR score be calculated?

Answer 2

At 1 min and 5 mins. if the score <7 at 5 mins. repeat q5 until 20 mins.

Question 3

what is station 0?

Answer 3

Fetal head engaged at ischial spine.

Question 4

Where is the fundal height ast 20 wk?

Answer 4

Umbilicus

Question 5

When does regression of the fundal height occur?

Answer 5

37-40 weeks

Question 6

Where is the fundal height at 36 weeks?

Answer 6

xiphoid process

Question 7

Chadwick sign

Answer 7

The mucous membranes of the vulva, vagina, and cervix become congested and may appear bluish at 8-12 weeks gestation

Question 8

When can fetal cardiac activity detected by handheld doopler

Answer 8

10-12 weeks of gestation

Question 9

If ovulation occurs of day 14, how soon after ovulation does implantation occurs?

Answer 9

8-10 days later

Question 10

transvaginal ultrasound examination

Question 11

transvaginal ultrasound gestational landmarks at 4.5-5 wks

Answer 11

Gestational Sac

Question 12

transvaginal ultrasound gestational landmarks at 5-6 week?

Answer 12

Yolk sac

Question 13

transvaginal ultrasound gestational landmarks at 5.5-6 wks?

Answer 13

embryonic cardiac activity

Question 14

When can the embryo be measured using the crown and rump length in the 1st trimester?

Answer 14

6-7 weeks.

Question 15

_______________contractions are uncoordinated contractions that start about one month before labor that do not cause dilation and effacement of the cervix.

Answer 15

Braxton-Hicks

Question 16

In the __________ stage of labor, powerful uterine contractions constrict blood vessels in the uterine wall and shear the placenta off of the decidua, allowing it to be delivered out of the vagina.

Answer 16

3rd stage

Question 17

Increased estrogen levels during the last few weeks of pregnancy leads to (more/fewer) __ oxytocin receptors on the myometrial cells of the uterus.

Answer 17

more

Question 18

Infants considered preterm are born when?

Answer 18

Between 20-36 weeks & 6 days

Question 19

When is an infant considered full term?

Answer 19

Born at 37-42 weeks

Question 20

What is Naegele’s rule?

Answer 20

It is used to estimate the due date. 1st day of LMP - 3months + 7 days.

Ex: LMP 6/25 - 3 mo = 3/25 + 7 days = April 1st

Question 21

What is cervical effacement?

Answer 21

Thinning of the cervix as the uterine fundus contractions and pulls on the cervix.
-Graded 0% (thick cervix) - 100% (thin)

Question 22

What are the stages of labor?

Answer 22

Stage 1: begins with onset of labor contractions & ends with cervical effacement & dilation
Stage 2: Begins with the pushing of the baby and expulsion of the baby via the vagina.
Stage 3: Deliver of the placenta

Question 23

There are 3 stages of pregnancy, which correponds to approximately how many weeks in each?

Answer 23

13 weeks
1st trimester: conception - 13 weeks
2nd trimester: 14wks -27wks
3rd: 28-40 wks

Question 24

What is the role of HCG (Human chorionic gonadotropin) in the 1st trimester of pregnancy?

Answer 24

HCG is produced by the trophoblast days after fertilization.
HCG rescues the corpus luteum from degeneration, stimulating the continued production of progesterone = NO MENSES

Question 25

In the 2nd and 3rd trimester what lipid is used to synthesize progesterone & estrogen by the placenta & fetus?

Answer 25

Cholesterol

Question 26

Where in the pituitary gland is oxytocin released?

Answer 26

Posterior pituitary gland

Question 27

What are the efffects of prostaglandins on the uterus?

Answer 27

Prostaglandins increase in response to estrogen and oxytocin increase.
1)increase calcium concentration of the uterine smooth muscle cells.
2)promote gap junction formation b/w uterine smooth muscle cells = increased contractility
3)soften, thins & dilates cervix

Question 28

How long does the 1st stage of labor last?

Answer 28

8-12 hours nulliparous
5-8 hours multiparous

Question 29

What is the difference between the 2 phases of stage 1 labor?

Answer 29

Latent phase: slowed cervical dilation 0-6 cm
Active phase: fast cervical dilation 6-10 cm

Question 30

What does the 2nd stage of labor entails?

Answer 30

full cervical dilation and fetus delivery

Question 31

When is Group B strep testing conducted in pregnancy?

Answer 31

35-37 weeks

Question 32

When is Glucose challenge test conducted in pregnancy?

Answer 32

28 wks

Question 33

What is the most common breech presentation?

Answer 33

Frank breech is the most common.
-Buttocks presenting
-Both feet to head with hips flexed

Question 34

How is complete breech different from frank breech?

Answer 34

In complete breech the buttocks is presenting but the knees are pulled to the chest and bent in the fetal position. (hips & knees are both flexed)
in frank only the hips are flexed.

Question 35

What is the second most common breech presentation?

Answer 35

In complete breech. One or both hips not completely flexed. The presenting part may be buttocks, one foot or both feet.

Question 36

What is the treatment for breech presentation?

Answer 36

external cephalic version or cesarean section

Question 37

At what gestational age is antenatal corticosteroids and tocolytic therapy not used?

Answer 37

34 weeks gestation.

Question 38

What is the 1st line tocolytic use in patients 32-34 gestation

Answer 38

Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker

Question 39

Why is magnesium sulfate typically adminstered?

Answer 39

Magnesium is adminstered at 24-32 weeks gestation to provide neuroprotection against cerebral palsy.

Question 40

What is the most common type of vulvar cancer?

Answer 40

Squamous cell carcinoma