Menstural Cycle Flashcards
What are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle?
Follicular Phase
Ovulation
Luteal Phase
What does the follicular phase entail?
The release of LH & FSH hormones to mature a dominant follicle.
What hormone is most dominant during the follicular phase?
Estrogen
How does a follicle become dominant?
A rise in estrogen blood level causes a negative feedback on the anterior piturary gland = stooping release of FSH.
The follicle with the most FSH receptor continues to grow and the follicles with the least FSH dies off.
What are the two cells found in a follicle that aid in folliclar maturation?
Granulosa cells: Bind FSH which release aromatase.
Theca cells: bind LH which produce androstenedione hormone
What enzyme is released from granulosa cells to convert androstenedione to 17beta estradiol?
Aromatase
At what point during the follicular phase is a the negative feedback converted into a positive feedback?
Once a follicle assumes dominance, the thea and granulosa cells continue to produce estrogen. The estrogen blood level stimulates the release of GnRH = release of FSH and LH.
When does ovulation occur?
Day 14 of the ovarian cycle
What triggers/stimulates ovulation?
During the follicular phase, follicle-stimulating hormone induces the proliferation of _____________ in the developing follicles.
granulosa cells
A burst of estradiol synthesis at the end of the follicular phase has a positive feedback effect on the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, resulting in the _____________, which leads to ovulation.
luteinizing hormone surge
Ovulation occurs as a result of estrogen-induced
luteinizing hormone surge. At the endo of the follicular phase estrogen induced positive feed back and inhibin B inhibition of FSH.
The hormones produced by the ___________ during the luteal phase suppress production of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.
corpus luteum
The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is dominated by the hormone
estradiol
The rupture of the ovarian follicle occurs is called
Ovulation
During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, estradiol stimulates the growth of the
endometrium
What hormone is the highest and most important during the 1st week of the follicular phase where is recruits 5-7 ovarian follicles to enter menstural cycle?
FSH
_________ is the event that follows a burst of estradiol secretion and the LH surge at the end of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.
Ovulation
If fertilization does not occur, the _________ regresses, which is the source of estradiol and progesterone.
corpus luteum
Progesterone levels are (high/low) during the follicular phase
Low
At ovulation, cervical mucus increases in quantity and becomes (more/less) ______ viscous.
less
During the luteal phase, the corpus luteum produces, (3 hormones)
estrogen, inhibin, and progesterone
During the follicular phase the primary follicles in the ovary matures to the_____
Graafian stage
The luteal phase begins with the formation of the
corpus luteum, the graafian follicile is converted to the corpus luteum upon release of the oocyte
Throughout the entire follicular phase, rising ________ levels in the blood stimulates growth of the endometrium and myometrium of the uterus.
estrogen
Regression of the and the abrupt loss of estradiol and progesterone cause the endometrial lining and blood to be sloughed, which is menses.
corpus luteum
The high levels of progesterone during the phase of the menstrual cycle stimulate secretory activity of the endometrium and increase its vascularity.
luteal
Moderate levels of estradiol during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (inhibit/stimulate) gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion by the hypothalamus.
inhibit
The hormone _______causes a decrease in the quantity of cervical mucus so that it becomes thick and nonelastic.
progesterone
Menorrhagia
Heavy menses >80mL or prolonged bleeding >8days
Cryptomenorrhea or hypomenorrhea what is?
Light menstrual flow <5mL
Oligomenorrhea
infrequent bleeding >38 days
Polymenorrhea
frequent bleedin that occurs every <21 days
Amenorrhea
absent of menstrual bleeding in 90 days.
Menometrorrhagia
Menometrorrhagia: excess bleeding occurring at irregular intervals
