Menstural Cycle

Question 1

What are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 1

Follicular Phase
Ovulation
Luteal Phase

Question 2

What does the follicular phase entail?

Answer 2

The release of LH & FSH hormones to mature a dominant follicle.

Question 3

What hormone is most dominant during the follicular phase?

Answer 3

Estrogen

Question 4

How does a follicle become dominant?

Answer 4

A rise in estrogen blood level causes a negative feedback on the anterior piturary gland = stooping release of FSH.
The follicle with the most FSH receptor continues to grow and the follicles with the least FSH dies off.

Question 5

What are the two cells found in a follicle that aid in folliclar maturation?

Answer 5

Granulosa cells: Bind FSH which release aromatase.
Theca cells: bind LH which produce androstenedione hormone

Question 6

What enzyme is released from granulosa cells to convert androstenedione to 17beta estradiol?

Answer 6

Aromatase

Question 7

At what point during the follicular phase is a the negative feedback converted into a positive feedback?

Answer 7

Once a follicle assumes dominance, the thea and granulosa cells continue to produce estrogen. The estrogen blood level stimulates the release of GnRH = release of FSH and LH.

Question 8

When does ovulation occur?

Answer 8

Day 14 of the ovarian cycle

Question 9

What triggers/stimulates ovulation?

Question 10

During the follicular phase, follicle-stimulating hormone induces the proliferation of _____________ in the developing follicles.

Answer 10

granulosa cells

Question 11

A burst of estradiol synthesis at the end of the follicular phase has a positive feedback effect on the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, resulting in the _____________, which leads to ovulation.

Answer 11

luteinizing hormone surge

Question 12

Ovulation occurs as a result of estrogen-induced

Answer 12

luteinizing hormone surge. At the endo of the follicular phase estrogen induced positive feed back and inhibin B inhibition of FSH.

Question 13

The hormones produced by the ___________ during the luteal phase suppress production of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.

Answer 13

corpus luteum

Question 14

The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is dominated by the hormone

Answer 14

estradiol

Question 15

The rupture of the ovarian follicle occurs is called

Answer 15

Ovulation

Question 16

During the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, estradiol stimulates the growth of the

Answer 16

endometrium

Question 17

What hormone is the highest and most important during the 1st week of the follicular phase where is recruits 5-7 ovarian follicles to enter menstural cycle?

Answer 17

FSH

Question 18

_________ is the event that follows a burst of estradiol secretion and the LH surge at the end of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

Answer 18

Ovulation

Question 19

If fertilization does not occur, the _________ regresses, which is the source of estradiol and progesterone.

Answer 19

corpus luteum

Question 20

Progesterone levels are (high/low) during the follicular phase

Answer 20

Low

Question 21

At ovulation, cervical mucus increases in quantity and becomes (more/less) ______ viscous.

Answer 21

less

Question 22

During the luteal phase, the corpus luteum produces, (3 hormones)

Answer 22

estrogen, inhibin, and progesterone

Question 23

During the follicular phase the primary follicles in the ovary matures to the_____

Answer 23

Graafian stage

Question 24

The luteal phase begins with the formation of the

Answer 24

corpus luteum, the graafian follicile is converted to the corpus luteum upon release of the oocyte

Question 25

Throughout the entire follicular phase, rising ________ levels in the blood stimulates growth of the endometrium and myometrium of the uterus.

Answer 25

estrogen

Question 26

Regression of the and the abrupt loss of estradiol and progesterone cause the endometrial lining and blood to be sloughed, which is menses.

Answer 26

corpus luteum

Question 27

The high levels of progesterone during the phase of the menstrual cycle stimulate secretory activity of the endometrium and increase its vascularity.

Answer 27

luteal

Question 28

Moderate levels of estradiol during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (inhibit/stimulate) gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion by the hypothalamus.

Answer 28

inhibit

Question 29

The hormone _______causes a decrease in the quantity of cervical mucus so that it becomes thick and nonelastic.

Answer 29

progesterone

Question 30

Menorrhagia

Answer 30

Heavy menses >80mL or prolonged bleeding >8days

Question 31

Cryptomenorrhea or hypomenorrhea what is?

Answer 31

Light menstrual flow <5mL

Question 32

Oligomenorrhea

Answer 32

infrequent bleeding >38 days

Question 33

Polymenorrhea

Answer 33

frequent bleedin that occurs every <21 days

Question 34

Amenorrhea

Answer 34

absent of menstrual bleeding in 90 days.

Question 35

Menometrorrhagia

Answer 35

Menometrorrhagia: excess bleeding occurring at irregular intervals