Observations and interviews

Question 1

Observations

Answer 1

going into ‘the field’ and describing, analyzing and interpreting what you have seen

Question 2

advantages op observation

Answer 2

• allows researcher to gather behavioral data without asking questions
• data generally more reliable from respondent bias

Question 3

disadvantages of observations

Answer 3

• opinions and attitudes remain hidden

- observer bias -> the tendency to see what we expect to see

Question 4

controlled vs uncontrolled observations

Answer 4

whether the surrounding in which the observation takes place is altered for the sake of the observation

Question 5

participant vs non participant observation

Answer 5

does the observer interact with the observation

Question 6

structured of unstructured observation

Answer 6

whether the criteria that are noted in the observation are predetermined

Question 7

concealed vs unconcealed observation

Answer 7

whether the participant know they are being studied

Question 8

complete participation

Answer 8

the researcher works with the subject under study and may conceal that he/she is an observer

Question 9

moderate participation

Answer 9

researcher observes the scene under study, maintaining a certain distance and never intervening

Question 10

active participation

Answer 10

the researcher does not conceal that he she is an observer

Question 11

what is a interview

Answer 11

a guided, purposeful conversation between two or more people

Question 11

what is a interview

Answer 11

a guided, purposeful conversation between two or more people

Question 12

unstructured interview

Answer 12

the interviewer does not enter the interview setting with a planned sequence of questions

Question 13

structured interview

Answer 13

conducted when is know what information is needed

predetermined questions

Question 14

semi structured interview

Answer 14

allowing new ideas to be brought up during a interview as a result of what the interviewee says

Question 15

bias in an interview

Answer 15

any error that creeps into the information gathered

Question 16

bias frequently occurs because; interview

Answer 16

question not understood correctly

respondent provide answer he she thinks the researcher would like to hear

Question 17

bias during an interview can be reduced by;

Answer 17

trust with the respondent

when respondent seems confused clarify questions

do not come across judgemental

Question 18

face to face interview disadvantages and advantages

Answer 18

• time consuming
• geographical limitations

+ non-verbal cues
+ can clarify doubts about questionnaire

Question 19

telephone interviews disadvantages and advantages

Answer 19

• no body language
• low response rate

+ discomfort of face to face is avoided
+ number of calls can be high

Question 20

self administered interviews disadvantages and advantages

Answer 20

• cannot be to long or complex
• low response rate

+ lowest cost option
+ expanded geographical coverage

Question 21

group interview disadvantages and advantages

Answer 21

• group pressure
• dominant opinions can overshadow
  + time and cost efficient
  + stimulates deeper discussion

Question 22

focus group

Answer 22

consist of 6-8 members with a moderator leading the discussion on a particular topic, concept or product

Question 23

expert panel

Answer 23

researchers share expert knowledge and opinion about a certain issue

Question 24

7 stages of conducting interviews

Answer 24

1. thematizing
2. designing
3. interviewing
4. transcribing
5. analyzing
6. verifying
7. reporting