Observational techniques Flashcards
When are observational techniques useful?
Studying natural behaviour
Types of observation
- Controlled
- Naturalistic
- Covert
- Overt
- Participant
Controlled observation
Highly controlled environment = lab
Naturalistic observation
Observing people in their natural environment without control over variables
Strengths of controlled observation? 2 marks
- High level of control
- Easier to establish a cause and effect relationship
Limitations of controlled observation? 1 mark
- The environment is artificial = chance of not getting natural behaviour
Strengths of naturalistic observation? 1 mark
- High degree of natural behaviour = findings generalized to everyday life
Limitations of naturalistic observation? 1 mark
- No control of variables = difficult to establish cause and effect relationships
Covert observation
Observation that takes place without the knowledge or awareness of ppts
Overt observation
Observation that takes place with the full knowledge or awareness of ppts
Strength of covert observation? 1 mark
- More valid results from ppts - natural behaviour is being observed.
Limitation of covert observation? 1 mark
- Lack of informed consent means there are ethical issues
Strength of overt observation? 1 mark
- Ethically sound
Limitation of overt observation? 1 mark
- Ppts make not behave in a natural way
Participant observation
Data gathered by psychologists whilst being part of the observed group or situation
Non-participant observation
Data gathered from a distance without the psychologist being involved in the observed group or situation
Strength of participant observation? 1 mark
- Greater insights into behaviour are gained by being part of the group = increase validity
Limitation of participant observation? 1 mark
- Objectivity of observations are affected by being part of the group
Strength of non-participant observation? 1 mark
- Greater objectivity = lack of direct involvement
Limitation of non-participant observation? 1 mark
- Data lacks richness - feelings and emotions