Classification of Schizophrenia Flashcards

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1
Q

Schizophrenia

A
  • People of all cultures and levels of society develop schizophrenia
  • 1 % of people suffer worldwide - varies worldwide by 0.33 to 15%
  • World’s most common mental disorder - 50%
  • Difficult to compile accurate stats = inadequate agreed criteria for diagnosis - 22 -55 million
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2
Q

What does it do?

A
  • Affects thought processes
  • Ability to determine reality
  • Degree of severity varies; 1 episode only, persistent episodes w/ meds + persistent episodes w/out meds.
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3
Q

Types of schizophrenia

A
  • Type 1 schizophrenia - positive symptoms

- Type 2 schizophrenia - negative symptoms

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4
Q

Positive symptoms

A
  • Behaviours concerning loss of touch with reality; hallucinations and delusions
  • Acute/ short periods
  • Better prospects of recovery - respond well to meds
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5
Q

Negative symptoms

A
  • Behaviours concerning disruption of normal emotions and actions
  • Chronic, longer-lasting episodes - resistant to medication
  • Contribute most to sufferers not being able to function effectively in society
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6
Q

Diagnosis

A
  • 2 or more symptoms must be apparent for more than one month
    • reduced social functioning
  • Occurs between 15 and 45 - equal incidence rate between males and females
  • Males onset earlier
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7
Q

Chronic onset schizophrenia

A
  • Increasingly disturbed through gradual withdrawal

- Motivational loss over prolonged period

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8
Q

Acute onset schizophrenia

A
  • Symptoms appear suddenly = after stressful incident
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9
Q

Schneider (1959)

A
  • Detailed first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia
  • Subjectively based on patients’ verbal reports
  • Most are positive

; - Passivity experiences and thought disorders

  • Auditory hallucinations
  • Primary delusions
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10
Q

Passivity experiences and thought disorders

A
  • Thoughts and actions - perceived as under external control = aliens
  • Thoughts being inserted, withdrawn or broadcast to others
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11
Q

Auditory hallucinations

A
  • Experience voice = insulting + obscene

- Occur with simultaneous delusions

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12
Q

Primary delusions

A
  • Experience delusions of grandeur = believing they are someone important
  • Later = delusions of persecution - suffers believe someone wants to hurt them

Some sufferers experience only one type of these delusions

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13
Q

Slater and Roth (1969)

A
  • Added 4 symptoms, observed directly from behaviour
  • Most are negative
    ;
  • Thought process disorders
  • Disturbances of effect
  • Psychomotor disturbances
  • Avolition
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14
Q

Thought process disorders

A
  • Wander off the point
  • Invent new words and phrases
  • Stop mid-sentence
  • Muddle their words
  • Interpret language literally
  • Indulge in speech poverty

= excessively brief replies to questions with minimal elaboration

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15
Q

Disturbances of effect

A
  • Sufferers appear uncaring of others

- Display inappropriate emotional responses

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16
Q

Psychomotor disturbances

A
  • Adopt frozen ‘statue-like’ poses
  • Exhibit tics and twitches
  • Repetitive behaviours
17
Q

Avolition

A
  • Inability to make decisions
  • No enthusiasm or energy
  • Lose interest in personal hygiene
  • Lack sociability and affection