Classification of Schizophrenia Flashcards
1
Q
Schizophrenia
A
- People of all cultures and levels of society develop schizophrenia
- 1 % of people suffer worldwide - varies worldwide by 0.33 to 15%
- World’s most common mental disorder - 50%
- Difficult to compile accurate stats = inadequate agreed criteria for diagnosis - 22 -55 million
2
Q
What does it do?
A
- Affects thought processes
- Ability to determine reality
- Degree of severity varies; 1 episode only, persistent episodes w/ meds + persistent episodes w/out meds.
3
Q
Types of schizophrenia
A
- Type 1 schizophrenia - positive symptoms
- Type 2 schizophrenia - negative symptoms
4
Q
Positive symptoms
A
- Behaviours concerning loss of touch with reality; hallucinations and delusions
- Acute/ short periods
- Better prospects of recovery - respond well to meds
5
Q
Negative symptoms
A
- Behaviours concerning disruption of normal emotions and actions
- Chronic, longer-lasting episodes - resistant to medication
- Contribute most to sufferers not being able to function effectively in society
6
Q
Diagnosis
A
- 2 or more symptoms must be apparent for more than one month
- reduced social functioning
- Occurs between 15 and 45 - equal incidence rate between males and females
- Males onset earlier
7
Q
Chronic onset schizophrenia
A
- Increasingly disturbed through gradual withdrawal
- Motivational loss over prolonged period
8
Q
Acute onset schizophrenia
A
- Symptoms appear suddenly = after stressful incident
9
Q
Schneider (1959)
A
- Detailed first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia
- Subjectively based on patients’ verbal reports
- Most are positive
; - Passivity experiences and thought disorders
- Auditory hallucinations
- Primary delusions
10
Q
Passivity experiences and thought disorders
A
- Thoughts and actions - perceived as under external control = aliens
- Thoughts being inserted, withdrawn or broadcast to others
11
Q
Auditory hallucinations
A
- Experience voice = insulting + obscene
- Occur with simultaneous delusions
12
Q
Primary delusions
A
- Experience delusions of grandeur = believing they are someone important
- Later = delusions of persecution - suffers believe someone wants to hurt them
Some sufferers experience only one type of these delusions
13
Q
Slater and Roth (1969)
A
- Added 4 symptoms, observed directly from behaviour
- Most are negative
; - Thought process disorders
- Disturbances of effect
- Psychomotor disturbances
- Avolition
14
Q
Thought process disorders
A
- Wander off the point
- Invent new words and phrases
- Stop mid-sentence
- Muddle their words
- Interpret language literally
- Indulge in speech poverty
= excessively brief replies to questions with minimal elaboration
15
Q
Disturbances of effect
A
- Sufferers appear uncaring of others
- Display inappropriate emotional responses
16
Q
Psychomotor disturbances
A
- Adopt frozen ‘statue-like’ poses
- Exhibit tics and twitches
- Repetitive behaviours
17
Q
Avolition
A
- Inability to make decisions
- No enthusiasm or energy
- Lose interest in personal hygiene
- Lack sociability and affection
