Observational Studies and Techniques Flashcards
Define observational techniques.
A type of correlational research in which the researcher observes on-going behaviour.
Name two types of sampling methods.
Examples include time sampling and event sampling.
What are the benefits of a naturalistic observation?
High ecological validity, low demand characteristics.
Define observer bias.
When observations are impacted by the observer’s expectations.
Define inter-observer reliability.
The extent to which observers agree i.e. observers should ideally produce the same record.
What result what be considered to represent good inter-observer reliability?
0.80+
What affects the internal validity of observations?
The level of observer bias and the suitability of the behavioural coding system/checklist
What are the benefits to a controlled observation?
A high internal validity, highly reproducible.
Define observation as a research method in Psychology
A way of collecting data where the researcher watches on-going behaviour and records what they see
Name two sampling techniques used in observations
Time sampling and event sampling
Define observer bias
When observations are impacted by the observer’s expectations (subjective)
Define inter-observer reliability
A correlational measure of consistency.
The extent to which observers agree i.e. observers should ideally produce the same record
What result what be considered to represent good inter-observer reliability?
0.80+ (strong positive correlation)
Name two types of observation
Controlled observation and naturalistic observation
Why are observations better than questionnaires or interviews?
They show what people actually do, rather than what they say they do
