Objectives of the Early Nationalists Flashcards
Name the phases of India’s struggle for freedom
- the Era of Early Nationalism (1885-1905)
- the Era of Assertive Nationalism (1905-1919)
- the Era of Gandhi (1919-1939)
- the Final Phase of the Movement (1940-1947)
Name the other terms for Early Nationalists
Moderates, Armchaired politicians, Early Congressmen, Infancy Congress in its early years
Name a few persons who dominated the Congress from 1885 to 1905
W.C. Bonnerjea, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Dadabhai Naoroji, Surendranath Banerjea, Ranade
Name 2 liberal Englishmen who pleaded India’s cause courageously
Hume and Wedderburn
Name the 4 features/characteristics of the EN
- Represented only one class - middle, educated,
professional class - They had unlimited faith in the British sense of
justice - They asked for constitutional reforms within the
framework of British rule - moderate demands - Their methods of struggle were moderate -
petitions, resolutions
How did early Congressmen carry their agitation?
Through petitions and resolutions - moderate methods
What did the class the “moderates” represented consist of?
Middle, educated, and professional class consisting of doctors, lawyers, teachers, and newspapermen
what did the “moderates” think of British rule?
They had unlimited faith in the British sense of justice. They thought of the British connection with India as something which should continue for the larger good of England and India both.
Name the heads under which the objectives and demands of the En are examined
- Constitutional Reforms
- Administrative Reforms
- Economic Reforms
- Safeguarding the Civil Liberties
Name the 4 constitutional demands of the EN
- Abolition of the Indian Council
- The Congress asked for expansion of Legislative
Councils created by Act of 1861 - These Councils should be given more powers
- Congress leaders insisted on colonial form of elf-
government.
What did the Congress in its very first session demand for (constitutional)?
Asked for the expansion of the Legislative Councils created by the Act of 1861. The Central and Provincial councils both should have a considerable portion of the “elected members”
What more powers did the Congress ask for for the Councils?
The Central and Provincial Councils should be given more powers. All legislative measures and financial questions, including budgets should be submitted to the Councils.
What did the Congress leaders insist on early in the 20th century? (constitutional)
On ‘colonial form of self-government’
Where else was the colonial form of self-government found in the 20th century?
Canada and Australia
Name the administrative demands of the Congress
- Wider employment of Indians in the higher services
- Holding of simultaneous examinations both in
England and in India for recruitment to the Indian
Civil Service - Adequate representation of the Indians in the
Executive Council of Viceroy and those of the
Governors - Complete separation of executive and judicial
functions - An increase in the powers of the local (municipal)
bodies and reducing official control over them
Name the economic demands of the Congress leaders
- Reduction in land revenue and protection of
peasants against unjust demands of the Zamindars - Giving of cheap credit (loans) to the peasants
through agricultural banks - Total abolition of salt tax and the duty on sugar
- Industrial growth through trade protection, i.e., a
heavy tax on imported goods - Government should make loans for the growth of
iron, coal, paper, and sugar industries - Reduction in expenditure on the army and the
money thus saved to be spent on social services
such as health and education
Name the demands made by the EN in safeguarding civil liberties
- Opposition of suppression of the freedoms of speech
and expression - Demanding rights to assemble and form
associations - The Congress believed that the suppression of a
free press would not check sedition or rebellion
against the government, it would only drive it
underground
Name the beliefs of the EN
- Unlimited faith in the British sense of justice
- Looked for “inspiration and guidance” to England
- Dadabhai Naoroji was honest enough to recognize
the benefits of English rule to Indians
How was unlimited faith displayed in the British in INC-1?
The First Session of the congress ended with “three cheers” for Hume and Hume answered the greetings with “three cheers for Her Majesty, the Queen Empress”.
The Congress in those days was a band of _, who were proud of their _ connections
loyalists, British
What benefits, according to Naoroji, had the British rule conferred upon Indians?
The English language & the modern means of communication and transport
How did the early nationalists carry their agitation?
- Through petitions to high government officials
- Resolutions
- Meetings in towns, cities and the countryside
- Distribution of leaflets and pamphlets criticizing government policies
- Preparing Memorandum for the Government Committees for submission to Committees of British Parliament
- Sending Delegations of leading Indians to England to have talks with British authorities on behalf of the people of India
Who founded the East India Association in London and when?
Dadabhai Naoroji, in 1866
Through East India Association, what did Dadabhai Naoroji aim at?
Providing members of the British Parliament information regarding India’s grievances
What did the early nationalists believe?
That once the Government was convinced of the genuine need for reforms, their demands would be conceded sooner or later. They merely wanted to mitigate the evils of British rule and not terminate it.
How did the early nationalists believe political and economic reforms could be achieved?
Through constitutional agitation alone
Who was Dadabhai Naoroji?
He was one of the pioneer Indian statesmen because he developed new schemes
What did Dadabhai Naoroji come to be known as?
‘The Grand Old Man of India’ - experienced political leader
When was Dadabhai Naoroji born?
4th September 1825
Where was Dadabhai Naoroji born?
In a Parsi family of Mumbai
What happened in 1854 for Dadabhai Naoroji?
He was appointed Professor of Mathematics in the Elphinstone College, Mumbai
Name the Headings under which Dadabhai NAoroji’s contributions may be studied
- India’s Unofficial Ambassador in England
- One of the Founder-Members of Indian National Congress
- His Historic Address to the Kolkata Session of Congress in 1906
- His Enunciation of the Nature of British Imperialism and Cause of Poverty in India
- His Advocacy of a Just Political System
Dadabhai Naoroji was the first Indian to have done what?
To have won a seat in 1892 in the British House of Commons
Whose efforts resulted in the British House of Commons passing a resolution recommending that the ICS examination be held simultaneously both in England and in India?
Dadabhai Naoroji and Bradlaugh
Which resolution, brought about by Dadabhai’s efforts, could not become an act?
A resolution passed by the British House of Commons recommending that the ICS examination be held simultaneously both in England and India
Who presided over the Sessions of the Congress thrice?
Dadabhai Naoroji
Which Sessions of the Congress did Dadabhai Naoroji preside over?
1886, 1893 and 1906
Who persuaded Dadabhai Naoroji to preside over the Kolkata session of 1906?
The early nationalists
The partition of Bengal in 1905 had disillusioned the Early Nationalists. Their power and prestige were on the decline.
Why did Tilak not hold office of the Congress in 1906?
Dadabhai Naoroji’s name and fame made it difficult for the assertive nationalists to oppose his candidature, though they would’ve liked Tilak to hold that offic
On what did the Congress Session of 1906 pass resolutions?
Swaraj, Swadeshi, Boycott and National Education
Who read out Dadabhai Naoroji’s historic address in 1906?
Gopal Krishna Gokhale, due to Naoroji’s ill health
What did Dadabhai Naoroji’s historic address lay stress on?
Swaraj
Which newspaper did Dadabhai Naoroji edit?
Rast Goftar - Speaker of Truth
Which magazine did Naoroji start?
Dharma Marg Darshak
Name Naoroji’s book on the Indian economy and exploitation of India
Poverty and Un-British rule in India
For whcih theory was Dadabhai Naoroji famous?
Drain Theory
