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History > Factors Leading to the Growth of Nationalism > Flashcards

Factors Leading to the Growth of Nationalism Flashcards

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1
Q

Define nationalism.

A

Nationalism denoted patriotism or devotion to the nation.

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2
Q

What was the Congress?

A

The first modern political organisation in India called itself Indian National Congress due to patriotism and the urge to fight against foreign domination.

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3
Q

What was the objective of the INC?

A

“Ending all racial, religious and provincial prejudices” and promoting a feeling of “national unity among all lovers of the country”

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4
Q

Which century saw a series of religious and social reform movements?

A

19th century

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5
Q

What was the term of life of Raja Rammohan Roy?

A

1772-1833

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6
Q

Who heralded the coming of ‘Modern Age’ in Indian history?

A

Rammohan Roy

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7
Q

Which organisation was established in 1828?

A

Brahmo Samaj

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8
Q

Who religious movement bringing about social and political reform brought in a New Awakening in India?

A

Brahmo Samaj

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9
Q

What was Rammohan Roy inspired by?

A
  1. The monotheism of Islam (Unity of Godhead)
  2. The ethical teachings of Christianity
  3. The sublime doctrines of the Upanishads
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10
Q

What were the social reforms brought about by the Brahmo Samaj?

A

It attacked the caste system, the practice of polygamy, child marriage, and the Sati system.

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11
Q

When did Rammohan Roy start his anti-sati crusade?

A

In 1818

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12
Q

When was the practice of Sati made illegal in India?

A

1829

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13
Q

What did Rammohan Roy protest in with regard to women and property?

A

Protested against the practice of denying women the right to property

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14
Q

Why did Rammohan Roy believe social reforms were necessary?

A

For political advancement and the happiness of people in India.

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15
Q

What did Rammohan Roy regard liberty as?

A

He regarded liberty as a ‘prized possession’ of every individual.

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16
Q

What was Rammohan Roy’s contribution in publications?

A

He started a Bengali Weekly called the ‘Samvad Kaumudi’ in 1821. Later he started a Persian paper called Mirat-ul-Akhbar.

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17
Q

What was the character of Rammohan Roy’s publications?

A

Distinct nationalist and progressive character

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18
Q

What did Roy present a Petition for?

A

The Vernacular Press Act by the British was controlling the Press. Roy, along with a few other eminent persons, presented a petition to the Supreme Court for legal action to be taken against Press Regulations.

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19
Q

What were Roy’s economic concerns?

A

He was sympathetic to the cause of the poor peasants. He wanted the Military Budget to be reduced, so that more funds were available for activities concerned with the health and education of the people.

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20
Q

What did Roy do to alleviate his economic concerns?

A

He sailed for England in 1830. It gave him the opportunity to appear before a Select Committee of the British Parliament. He apprised the Committee of the poor economic conditions of the people in India.

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21
Q

Where was Jyotiba Phule born?

A

In Satara district of Maharashtra

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22
Q

When was Jyotiba Phule born?

A

1827

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23
Q

Why did his family come to be called ‘Phule’?

A

They earned their living by growing flowers and vegetables. They were malis by caste and hence came to be called ‘Phule’.

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24
Q

Name his social reforms.

A
  1. Uplifting Lower Castes
  2. Gender Justice
  3. Satya Shodhak Samaj
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25
Q

What did Jyotiba Phule think was slavery?

A

He thought the caste structure was slavery.

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26
Q

What was the name of Jyotiba Phule’s book?

A

Ghulamgiri

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27
Q

What was Jyotiba Phule’s book about?

A

His book ‘Ghulamgiri’ focused on the Brahmin domination and the poverty, hardship and distress which the lower castes were then facing.

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28
Q

What did Phule call the dalits?

A

Shudras and Atishudras

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29
Q

What solution did Phule have to fix the problems of the Dalits?

A

If proper education was provided to them, all their problems would be solved.

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30
Q

Why did Phule think women were superior to men?

A

Because “they bore children and nursed them”

31
Q

Why did men keep their women uneducated?

A

So that women would never question their domination.

32
Q

Name Phule’s three reforms for women’s upliftment.

A
  1. Established in 1848 one of the first Girls’ schools in India.
  2. Set up an Orphanage in 1854 to provide shelter to poor widows and their children.
  3. Founded a no. of schools for Girls and the lower castes, i.e., the Mahars and the Mangs.
33
Q

Which society was founded by Phule and when?

A

He founded the Satya Shodhak Samaj on 24 September 1873.

34
Q

What was the meaning of Phule’s society?

A

Society of the Seekers of Truth

35
Q

What was the purpose of Phule’s society?

A

The Society endeavored to mitigate the distress and sufferings of dalits and women.

36
Q

Who was the Head of the Wome’s Wing of the Society?

A

Jyotibha Phule’s wife Savitribai

37
Q

Why did Phule praise the British rule?

A

It gave Indians the tools to which to fight social injustice.

38
Q

What did Phule say in Ghulamgiri about the farmers?

A

The Government, its army, and salaries and pensions of the Whites depended. According to Phule, “when the farmers educate themselves and carry whips on their shoulders, the English will have to scream and yell and flee the country”.

39
Q

When was the Arya Samaj founded and by whom?

A

In 1875, by Swami Dayananda

40
Q

What social evils did Swami Dayananda oppose?

A

Caste system and encouraged female education and remarriage of widows

41
Q

When was the Ramakrishna Mission founded and by whom?

A

Founded in 1896 by Swami Vivekananda

42
Q

What did the Ramakrishna Mission believe in?

A

The principle that service to God is the service of men

43
Q

What did the Ramakrishna Mission do for society?

A

It established hospitals and orphanages to alleviate the sufferings of those in distress.

44
Q

How did the reform movements promote the spirit of brotherhood and arouse nationalist ideas amongst the people of India?

A
  1. The ideas of denouncing untouchability and
    brotherhood and equality attracted the attention of the so-called lower castes.
  2. Dayananda and Vivekananda boldly preached the gospel of self-reliance.
  3. All these reformers believed that “the uplift of women must come first and then only can any good come about for the country”.
  4. All these reformers were inspired by the spirit of nationalism because the colonialists had drained the life and blood from our people, on whose labours depended the luxury of the White ones.
45
Q

How did the Western nations attain greatness, according to the reformers?

A

By paying proper respect to women

46
Q

Who threw open to the world the magnificence of Indian philosophy and culture?

A

German scholar Max Mueller

47
Q

What was the result of Max Mueller’s work?

A

A feeling grew among our people that they must build India greater than what she has been, as a result of rediscovery of India’s past.

48
Q

Who unveiled the Statue of Mahatma Jyotiba Phule in the precincts of the Parliament?

A

The then PM Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee

49
Q

When was the Statue of Mahatma Jyotiba Phule unveiled?

A

3 December 2003

50
Q

Who was the founder of nationalist journals in India?

A

Raja Rammohan Roy

51
Q

Name three papers/publications by the reformers along with their dates.

A
  1. Raja Rammohan Roy’s ‘Samvad Kaumudi’ in Bengali
  2. Dadabhai Naoroji edited Rast Goftar in Gujarati
  3. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar’s journal ‘Shome
    Prakash’ in Bengali (Started in 1858)
52
Q

Name the English Dailies in the 19th century.

A
  1. The Times of India (Founded in 1861)
  2. the Pioneer (Founded in 1865)
  3. The Statesman (Founded in 1875)
53
Q

What was the purpose of the English Dailies in the 19th century?

A

They supported the policies of the government but they kept the people informed of rapid political developments in the country.

54
Q

Which Ango-Bengali weekly was converted into an English Daily?

A

The Amrit Bazar Patrika started as an Anglo-Bengali weekly in 1867 was later converted into an English Daily.

55
Q

Which paper was started in Lahore in the 19th cen.?

A

The Tribune was started in Lahore in 1877

56
Q

Which paper was started in Madras in the 19th cen.?

A

the Hindu was started in Madras (Chennai) in 1878

57
Q

What was the impact of papers and journals in our country?

A

They fostered patriotism and ideas of liberty and justice in our country.

58
Q

Name the writings of Bal Gangadhar Tilak

A

Kesari and the Mahratta

59
Q

What was the purpose of Tilak’s writings?

A

Spreading the gospel of freedom and natural rights and making forthright and bitter attacks on the Government.

60
Q

Which was the first all-India association of a permanent nature?

A

The Congress

61
Q

Name the Father or Founder of the Indian National Congress.

A

Mr. A.O. Hume, a retired civil servant

62
Q

What advantage did A.O. Hume have in founding the Congress?

A

He was an Englishman and a retired civil servant. Had he not been those, the Government probably “would have found some way to suppress the Movement” in its infancy - Gopal Krishna Gokhale

63
Q

When was the 1st session of the INC held and where?

A

In December 1885 at Bombay

64
Q

Under whose Presidentship was the 1st session of the INC held?

A

W.C. Bonnerjea, a leading barrister

65
Q

By how many delegates was INC-1 attended?

A

By 72 delegates from all parts of India

66
Q

Name the eminent person by whom INC-1 was attended

A
  1. Dadabhai Naoroji
  2. W.C. Bonnerjea
  3. K.T. Telang
  4. Pherozeshah Mehta
  5. Badruddin Tyabji
  6. Justice Ranade
  7. Behramji Malabari
  8. N.G. Chandravarkar
  9. G. Subramannya Aiyar
67
Q

Name the immediate objectives of the INC

A
  1. To enable national workers from all parts of India to
    become personally known to each other.
  2. To end all racial, religious, and provincial prejudices
    and to promote a feeling of national unity among all
    lovers of the country.
  3. The formulation of popular demands on vital Indian
    problems and their presentation before the
    Government.
  4. To train and mobilize public opinion all over the
    country.
  5. To decide upon political tasks or jobs to be
    undertaken during the ensuing year.
68
Q

Where was the INC-2 held and where?

A

At Kolkata in 1886

69
Q

Who was the President of INC-2?

A

Dadabhai Naoroji

70
Q

By how many delegates was INC-2 attended?

A

450

71
Q

What has Bankim Chandra’s novel Anandmath been called?

A

It has been called “the Bible of modern Bengalee patriotism”

72
Q

From where was our national song Vande Mataram taken?

A

Bankim Chandra’s novel Anandmath

73
Q

Which was the 1st great occasion when our national song was sung?

A

The 1896 Session of the INC

74
Q

By whom was the play India’s Misery written?

A

Bharat Durdasa by Bhartendu Harishchandra

History (10 decks)

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