Objective V: Key People and Events in History

Question 1

Jean Esquirol

Answer 1

Differentiates intellectual disabilities from insanity; continuum from mild to severe; attempts to measure through verbal skills

Question 2

Late 1800’s

Answer 2

Known as the laboratory period; focus on objective measurement of psychological factors; sensory and motor tests

Question 3

Wundt

Answer 3

credited with first psychological laboratory

Question 4

Catell

Answer 4

first to use term “mental test”

Question 5

Galton

Answer 5

credited with the birth of psychometrics (quantitative and technical aspects of psychological
measurement)

Question 6

Galton & Pearson

Answer 6

interested in objective measurement to assist with their interests in eugenics (breeding for desirable traits)

Question 7

Alfred Binet

Answer 7

first to examine “higher mental processes”; 1905=Binet-Simon Scale

Question 8

Lewis Terman

Answer 8

1916 revision & standardization creates Stanford-Binet; introduces the term “IQ”; mental age/chronological age x 100; standard scores not introduced until 1970s

Question 9

Army Alpha (verbal) & Beta (nonverbal) tests

Answer 9

developed by Yerkes and 43 psychologists from APA

Question 10

David Wechsler

Answer 10

1939 release of Wechsler-Bellevue Scale; focus on general intellectual abilities; based primarily on Alpha & Beta Tests

Question 11

Late 1900s to Now

Answer 11

Continued use and re-standardization of the Wechsler & Stanford-Binet Scales; many other tests, some for special population; continued debate over definition and composition of intelligence